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Explaining LIPS

by David Gassko
June 16, 2009



David Gassko is a former consultant to a major league team. He welcomes comments via e-mail.


Mark Simpson said...

Cool beans.

Posted 06/16  at  08:15 AM
DT said...

this was actually really great.  The explanation was easy to understand, thanks a ton.
I would love to ask one more question: What are the main differences between Lips and xFip?

Posted 06/16  at  09:21 AM
David Gassko said...

DT,

xFIP is FIP but with HR/OF normalized to the league average. It gets you most of the way to LIPS, but it does not (1) Take into account things like infield fly and ground ball rate, (2) Use the best run estimator (BaseRuns), and (3) Adjust for park so as to be directly comparable to ERA. Those are the main differences.

Posted 06/16  at  09:26 AM
Steve Stein said...

I haven’t followed these things as closely as I should, so take these comments as possibly uninformed.  But I find a couple of the statements here astounding and counter-intuitive:

“Outside of forcing ground balls there is little a pitcher can do to prevent home runs.”

“we know that a pitcher has little or no control over his line drive rate”

Really?

I’m also wondering where in all of this is one of the REAL things a pitcher can’t control - the quality of the opposition batters he faces.  Simplistically, if I pitch in the AL, I’m facing better hitters than I would in the NL.  Unlucky?

Posted 06/16  at  10:05 AM
David Gassko said...

Steve,

The simple answer is yes, really. If you want all the data, look up the 2007 Annual.

Posted 06/16  at  10:08 AM
DMC said...

David,

Excellent piece.  This type of LIPS primer is something many people have been looking for.

With respect to the previous post and the issue of data supporting a pitcher’s inability to control his line drive rate and HR/FB, why did you suggest The Hardball Times Annual 2007 and not a more recent version (such as 2009)?  Is there a piece in the 2007 book that discusses the research behind these principles, or were you just referring to the raw data underlying previous analyses?

I ask mainly because I would be interested in such an article, where the research itself is discussed, even if only superficially.  (And if the same discussion is in the more recent book, that would be preferable to the 2007 version.)

Posted 06/16  at  03:58 PM
David Gassko said...

DMC,

Glad you enjoyed the piece. My article on how much players control batted balls is in the 2007 Annual, which is why that’s what I recommended.

Posted 06/16  at  04:01 PM
Brad said...

Great article, I use xfip religiously in fantasy baseball, but this stat seems even more accurate, any chance it gets added to the THT pitching section?

Posted 06/16  at  08:19 PM
David Gassko said...

Hey Brad,

We’d love to but it takes a lot of programming. If you want to splurge (or take your chances in the “Worst Monday” contest), Heater Magazine carries updated LIPS numbers every week.

Posted 06/16  at  10:40 PM
MARK said...

does a pitcher really have no control over his line drive rate? It seems there an extreme groundball pitcher (Wang, Lowe, Halladay) would be lower than league average.

Posted 06/17  at  12:00 PM
David Gassko said...

Mark,

An average LD% is around 19%. Here are how the three pitchers you named have done in the past few years:

Wang - 18% (2007), 22% (2008), 26% (2009)
Lowe - 16% (2007), 17% (2008), 17% (2009)
Halladay - 18% (2007), 19% (2008), 20% (2009)

There is little evidence that pitchers control their line drive rate. What little evidence I’ve found actually points to ground ball pitchers having HIGHER ground ball rates, though it’s not a huge effect.

Posted 06/17  at  12:08 PM
Tim said...

I am currently working on a study regarding relief pitchers and evaluating their regressions.  Currently, I am using DERA as a means to evaluate, but this sounds much better.  Is there anywhere around the site to find info on players from 98-current?

Posted 06/17  at  02:34 PM
David Gassko said...

Tim,

Unfortunately, no.

Posted 06/17  at  03:34 PM
Nathaniel Dawson said...

Late to the party, yes, I know, but….

If you’re trying to design LIPS to be a most accurate evaluation of a pitchers effectiveness, why would you estimate how many errors would occur behind a pitcher and adjust for earned runs? The point is to try to come as close as possible to the real world in examining a pitchers ability to prevent runs, no? If a pitcher’s “style” results in more errors, that leads to more real world runs. It seems like trying to make a correction for earned runs actually makes this formula less accurate.

Posted 06/28  at  04:45 AM
David Gassko said...

Nathaniel,

That’s exactly why we do that. Different pitchers have different propensities for giving up unearned runs. The reason for that (or at least most of the reason) is that ground balls are much more likely to become errors than other batted ball types. So ground ball pitchers give up more errors and therefore more unearned runs. That’s why we estimate errors based on batted ball types and then estimate what percentage of a pitcher’s runs allowed will be earned—to come up with the best estimate of what a pitcher’s ERA should have been.

Posted 06/28  at  01:33 PM
Nathaniel Dawson said...

Which means, of course, that the stat is less accurate at estimating real world runs allowed. People are still in love with the ERA stat, aren’t they?

Posted 06/28  at  06:49 PM
David Gassko said...

Well, we first estimate real world runs allowed, so if that number was of interest to a lot of people that’s what we would report. But since ERA is (1) The stat that is generally used in fantasy baseball and (2) Carries the more intuitive scale for most people, that’s what we estimate.

Posted 06/29  at  08:22 AM
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