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Nearly Ready? A Look at AAA Pitchers

by Robert Dudek
May 18, 2004

Baseball fans like to know what's happening with minor leaguers in their favorite team's farm system. Rabid baseball fans follow all the key prospects in baseball at any given time. Since we're through six weeks of minor league baseball, we've got fair-sized chunks of data to peruse.

This first report will focus on pitching prospects plying their trade in AAA -- the highest level of the minor leagues. Since most major league teams suffer injuries to their pitchers as the season progresses, there will likely be a need to bring pitching up from AAA. As such, there's a lot of interest in how their most senior prospects are doing.

I've selected starting pitchers who have faced 100 batters or more in AAA and who will be under 26 years of age as of July 1, 2004. Surprisingly, only 65 pitchers -- just over two per organization -- make the cut. Many of the other AAA starters are veteran roster fillers.

The first thing I want to know about a pitching prospect is his strikeout rate. Strikeouts are an indicator of pitching dominance, and there are few things teams get more excited about than a pitcher who dominates with the hard stuff. Strikeout pitchers are less reliant on the defense behind them, and have been shown to have longer careers than finesse (low-K) pitchers.

The most popular measure of dominance is strikeouts per nine innings pitched, but it's not the one I like best. Each batter a pitcher faces is a potential strikeout victim and a pitcher who strikes out three straight batters has shown more dominance than one who strikes out three batters, but also gives it walk, a home run and hits a batter. I will therefore list the 10 best in each league in K percentage -- strikeouts per opportunity (PA-IBB). You'll notice that I exclude intentional walks (which are thankfully rare in minor league baseball) because they are more a reflection of managerial strategy than of pitching ability.

Notes: All stats as of May 17th, 2004. They are not park-adjusted.

Strikeout Percentage
InternationalOrgAgeK percentPacific CoastOrgAgeK percent
Brandon ClaussenCIN25.226.1Danny HarenSTL23.831.7
Jorge De La RosaMIL23.222.0Joel HanrahanLA22.722.8
Aaron HeilmanNYM25.6
21.8Juan DominguezTEX24.122.5
Felix DiazCWS23.921.3Adam WainwrightSTL22.822.2
David BushTOR24.621.1Jon LeicesterCHC25.422.0
Jung BongCIN24.020.7Clint NageotteSEA23.720.1
Jon RauchCWS25.820.0Mike NanniniFLA23.919.5
Matt GuerrierMIN25.919.9Zack GreinkeKCR20.719.3
Willie EyreMIN25.919.6Dave WilliamsPIT25.318.6
Andy Van HekkenDET24.918.5Cha Seung BaekSEA24.118.6
League  18.4   17.0

Having a great fastball and off-speed stuff isn't enough; you've got to have command of it. The measure I use is non-intentional walks per opportunity, eliminating hit batsmen from opportunity.

Non-Intentional Walk Percentage
InternationalOrgAgeNIW percentPacific CoastOrgAgeNIW percent
Matt GuerrierMIN25.92.1Heath TottenLA25.82.5
Dave GassnerMIN25.53.2Mike ZieglerOAK24.93.6
Josh StevensBOS25.1
3.3Cha Seung BaekSEA24.13.9
Felix DiazCWS23.93.3Aaron CookCOL25.44.6
Shane LouxDET24.84.2Dave WilliamsPIT25.34.7
Andy Van HekkenDET24.94.5Zach GreinkeKCR20.75.1
Matt BelisleCIN24.14.7Cory VanceTEX25.05.5
David BushTOR24.65.3Sean BurnettPIT21.85.9
Joe ValentineCIN24.55.5Chadd QuallsHOU25.96.0
Brad HalseyNYY23.46.4Mike WoodOAK24.26.1
League  7.9   8.7

Finally, a measure of overall effectiveness: My choice is a modified version of FIP (Fielder-Independent Pitching, developed by Tangotiger) which excludes intentional walks, but includes hit batsmen. FIP is a close cousin of DIPS (developed by Voros McCracken). The advantage of FIP over DIPS is that is is very easy to calculate (see formula in caption).

What DIPS and FIP aim at is to eliminate much of the influence of fielding, while retaining much of the pitcher's contribution. This makes either measure a better choice than straight ERA or runs allowed per 9 IP, both of which are heavily influenced by the fielders.

Home runs allowed is a volatile stat which is greatly affected by small sample size, park and opposition batters (moreso than strikeouts and walks). Because home runs carry so much weight in FIP, pitchers allowing a cluster of home runs (such as Dodgers prospect Joel Hanrahan) will be severely punished, while others who have not contracted gopheritis will thrive. The reader is reminded that these figures are not park-adjusted.

Modified FIP [ (13*HR+3*(W-IW+HBP)-2*K)/IP+3 ]
InternationalOrgAgemFIPPacific CoastOrgAgemFIP
Dewon BrazeltonTBD24.02.73Joe BlantonOAK23.62.62
Felix DiazCWS23.9
2.75Sean BurnettPIT21.82.63
David BushTOR24.62.85Aaron CookCOL25.42.91
Shane LouxDET24.82.89Mike ZieglerOAK24.93.08
Ben HendricksonMIL23.43.05Zach GreinkeKCR20.73.14
Matt BelisleCIN24.13.16Juan DominguezTEX24.13.15
Brad HalseyNYY23.43.19Dave WilliamsPIT25.33.22
Dave GassnerMIN25.53.27Chad QuallsHOU25.93.29
Andy Van HekkenDET24.93.42Adam WainwrightSTL22.83.46
Willie EyreMIN25.93.43Dennis TankersleySD25.43.59
League  4.04   4.23


Joe Blanton, part of the famous "Moneyball" draft, looks to be following in the footsteps of the big three (Hudson, Zito, Mulder) that form the nucleus of the Athletics pitching staff. The A's will be happy to keep Blanton in AAA for the first half of the season, as there isn't much room in the rotation right now. If everyone continues to throw well, having six quality starters is a nice problem to have.

On the rise with a bullet is phenom Zach Greinke. With all the Royals' rotation problems, the only thing keeping Zach in AAA is the service-time issue. The first week of June should be safe from that standpoint; look for Greinke to be in the rotation by then.

The Cardinals have two stud pitching prospects knocking on the door -- either Danny Haren or Adam Wainwright will be fighting it out if/when the next St. Louis starting pitcher goes down to injury. David Bush is now a serious threat for the Blue Jays rotation if Pat Hentgen fails to add some MPH to his fastball.

Jorge De La Rosa (Boston-to-Arizona-to-Milwaukee), traded twice this off-season, has shown poor control to go with his high strikeout rate. I like what Juan Dominguez showed me in his brief stint with Texas last year. He's a good candidate to replace R.A. Dickey in the Rangers rotation, but teams that are winning are usually reluctant to replace a starter unless he's injured.

Edwin Jackson didn't make any of these lists (16.2% K, 10.3% W, 3.85 mFIP). Evidently he needs more polish and at 20 years of age, there's no rush. Sean Burnett is only a year older, and has more than held his own in the PCL. The danger is that the Pirates will bring Burnett up prematurely when they fade out of the NL Central race. Aaron Heilman (Mets), Jung Bong (CIN) and Brandon Claussen (CIN) are guys who've seen the bigs and will be returning there soon.

Robert Dudek is also a Batter's Box author and can be contacted via e-mail.


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