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The best pitchers hardly anyone knows

by Harry Pavlidis
August 25, 2009

Last week, Sports Illustrated's Cliff Corcoran published his top ten set-up men for the season. Always looking for an excuse to use PITCHf/x to explore a pitcher, Corcoran's list gives us the chance to look some of the best—but not best known—relievers in the major leagues.
Corcoran's list

Covering both leagues, Corcoran lays out his case for the a top 10 of:

  1. Matt Thornton

  2. Phil Hughes

  3. Matt Guerrier

  4. Mike Gonzalez

  5. Hideki Okajima

  6. Ryan Madson

  7. Rafael Betancourt

  8. George Sherrill

  9. Brad Ziegler

  10. Brandon Lyon



Corcoran's basic criteria, in his own words:
This is thus a list of the eighth-inning setup men fans should least want to see enter a game against their favorite team right now. It could look very different by the end of the season, and several of these pitchers could be in different roles come 2010.

Some of the pitchers listed have been closers already, but most have not.

Let's look at what they throw.

Pitch types


We'll dig into these below, a full listing of the pitch types (and average speed) thrown by these guys in 2009. Fastballs refer to four-seam fastballs, sinkers to two-seam fastballs. Cutters, sliders and curves are familiar points along a continuum that includes slutters and slurves. Your label may vary.















Ziegler
Change76
Fastball86
Slider73











Lyon
Change86
Curve77
Sinker93
Fastball93
Cutter90









Sherrill
Change82
Curve76
Fastball91









Okajima
Change83
Fastball88
Slider77











Guerrier
Change83
Curve79
Sinker91
Fastball92
Slider86









Thornton
Sinker96
Fastball96
Slider85









Gonzalez
Change83
Fastball93
Slider83











Hughes
Change84
Curve78
Sinker93
Fastball94
Cutter89









Betancourt
Change86
Fastball93
Slider83










Madson
Change84
Sinker95
Fastball96
Cutter91




How they throw it


As you can see above, almost every reliever on the list throws something in the 90 mph and above range. The exceptions are a submariner and one of the most extreme over-the-top pitchers in baseball. But there's something to say about the whole list, not just Ziegler and Okajima.

The lefties: Sherrill, Thornton, Okajima and Gonzalez


Sherrill works from the first base side of the rubber and presents the lowest release point of the conventional throwers. He's also releasing the ball further from the center of the mound (two feet, 11 inches) than any other pitcher in this group.

Nothing too special about Thornton—he's tall and working from the first base side. He's in a high three-quarter slot, while Sherrill is in more of a low three-quarter. Okajima and Gonzalez have a more distinct approach.

Okajima is straight over the top, his arm straight in the air, his eyes pointed at the ground, practically behind himself. He's so over-the-top, he releases the ball slightly on the third base side of the rubber (just a few inches from the center, though). His technique also results in the highest release point of the group.

Gonzalez is a conventional three-quarters, but sets up way over to the third base side of the rubber. If you've seen him pitch, you know of his rocking wind-up that makes him seem like he's revving up before jumping into his delivery.

There are no extreme ground ballers in the left-handed group. Thornton leads the group at 45 percent, Okajima trails at 33 percent. Okajima induces the most pop flies (13 percent) and outfield flies (38 percent). There's a pretty good range of whiff rates in the foursome, from Sherrill's .187 to Thornton's .267. Gonzalez (.246) and Okajima (.222) do well in that.

Thornton's combination of high whiff and ground ball rates is impressive. Gonzalez is not too far behind. Oddly, they are hit the hardest (slugging on contact) of the lefties by a decent margin.








LeftyWhiffGB%LD%FB%PU%SLGCON
Sherrill.18736%16%36%11%.429
Thornton.26745%19%27%9%.532
Okajima.22233%16%38%13%.430
Gonzalez.24641%17%33%9%.548



The righties: Guerrier, Betancourt, Lyon, Hughes, Ziegler and Madson


Excluding Ziegler's submarine delivery, where the ball comes out of his hand less than three feet above the ground, the right-handed members of Corcoran's list fall around the three-quarter standard, ranging from Madson's below three-quarter whip to Betancourt's overhand delivery. Working up from Madson are Hughes, Lyon and Guerrier. Madson, benefiting from his height, manages a release point that is just as high as Okajima's and well to the third base side of the rubber.

By the way, these arm slot designations are, in some cases, based solely on reading the PITCHf/x data tea leaves.

It should be no surprise that Ziegler leads the full 10 in ground ball rate. With an outstanding 63 percent, Ziegler is going to rely on his defense to get most of the outs. That compensates nicely for his group-trailing whiff rate of .161. That's below average no matter how you slice it.

Lyon would be considered a slightly above average ground ball pitcher, at 49 percent, and Betancourt is plainly a fly ball pitcher. Yielding just 29 percent ground balls, Betancourt also gets more outfield flies (40 percent) than the rest of the group. No one elevates Mr. Ziegler: only 3 percent pop-ups on balls in play. No freebies for the defense.

Madson is a right-handed Thornton, in a certain way. With a .271 whiff rate and 43 percent grounders on balls in play, he also throws in the upper 90s. Hughes looks to be Sherrill's counterpart (body types aside). Guerrier, lest we forget, is fairly balanced and has given up the least on balls in play.










RightyWhiffGB%LD%FB%PU%SLGCON
Guerrier.19144%18%31%7%.400
Betancourt.24029%20%40%11%.468
Lyon.18249%19%24%8%.430
Hughes.19836%19%34%11%.519
Ziegler.16163%17%17%3%.457
Madson.27143%23%25%8%.460


As a group, the righties may miss fewer bats, but they aren't hit quite as hard.

Pitch quality


Two versions of run values: rv100 is based on linear weights for batted ball outcomes, and rv100E is based on distributed batted ball outcomes based on batted ball type. In other words, singles and doubles vs. liners and pop-ups. Both use pitch outcomes the same way. And, negative run values are better for pitchers. I'll just throw these numbers out for you to peruse. I'll roll them up and rank the pitchers below. I've made this table sortable—just click the headers.











































pitchertype#rv100rv100E
ZieglerChange100-0.201.95
LyonChange160.77-1.27
SherrillChange94.062.63
OkajimaChange178-1.98-1.60
GuerrierChange34-1.720.47
GonzalezChange82.168.68
HughesChange92.953.15
BetancourtChange53-1.621.73
MadsonChange224-3.39-1.90
LyonCurve188-0.84-1.55
SherrillCurve220-1.74-1.08
GuerrierCurve114-0.751.83
HughesCurve2730.070.10
LyonCutter169-0.991.10
HughesCutter193-1.44-1.29
MadsonCutter1480.47-0.78
ZieglerFastball6600.08-0.64
LyonFastball217-2.60-1.57
SherrillFastball588-1.04-0.30
OkajimaFastball466-1.73-0.90
GuerrierFastball263-3.81-0.71
ThorntonFastball674-1.17-1.41
GonzalezFastball560-0.37-1.01
HughesFastball660-0.69-0.67
BetancourtFastball460-1.24-0.78
MadsonFastball376-0.130.10
LyonSinker237-0.690.87
GuerrierSinker1640.07-0.07
ThorntonSinker533.610.47
HughesSinker531.842.66
MadsonSinker112-2.330.09
ZieglerSlider81-1.68-2.11
OkajimaSlider1760.401.43
GuerrierSlider186-1.48-1.59
ThorntonSlider87-3.74-1.97
GonzalezSlider388-0.69-0.71
BetancourtSlider97-1.96-1.97


Same ten, different order


Using the pitch quality metrics shown above, I arrived at one value for each set-up man on the list. Using those run values, this would be the re-ordered top 10. SI's rankings are shown in parentheses.

  1. Matt Thornton (1)

  2. Mike Gonzalez (4)

  3. Rafael Betancourt (7)

  4. Ryan Madson (6)

  5. Hideki Okajima (5)

  6. George Sherrill (8)

  7. Brad Ziegler (9)

  8. Phil Hughes (2)

  9. Matt Guerrier (3)

  10. Brandon Lyon (10)


Matt Thornton, you're the undisputed eighth inning champion of 2009. Well, two votes to none, so far.



References and Resources
Sports Illustrated and Chris Corcoran published the top 10
Pitch data from MLBAM, classifications by the author. Stats updated through Aug. 21.
All release points are ball position 55 feet from the back of home plate—this is five feet further back than the Gameday release point.
Sortable tables by Kryogenix

Harry Pavlidis admits he has a baseball problem. He also writes for Beyond the Boxscore, Out of the Ivy and his own blog, Cubs f/x. Feedback, questions and comments are appreciated - harrypav@gmail.com


Jeff said...

Did you separate Hughes’ numbers as a starter and a reliever?

Posted 08/25  at  09:36 AM
Harry Pavlidis said...

No, I left those in. I’ll re-run his #‘s tonight splitting out by appearance type, see if it looks any different.

Posted 08/25  at  10:26 AM
Dave Allen said...

I am going to post about Hughes stuff as a reliever at FanGraphs in the afternoon.  The run values on all his pitches are way better.  I will be interested to see how much better than are with your rv100E since his BABIP and HR/FB are way way better as a reliever than as a stater.  In other words I wonder how much of the improvement in the pitches is not luck based.

I think that this year Hughes throws a cutter not a slider.

Posted 08/25  at  11:38 AM
Harry Pavlidis said...

Dave, I am interested to see how are numbers vary. Also, if you look above, I don’t have a slider for Hughes, just his cutter.

Posted 08/25  at  02:34 PM
Dan Novick said...

Just to clarify, Hughes doesn’t throw a cutter anymore…. he dropped it last July in favor of the cutter.

Posted 08/25  at  05:41 PM
Harry Pavlidis said...

Just to clarify, Hughes doesn’t throw a cutter anymore…. he dropped it last July in favor of the cutter.

Huh?

Posted 08/25  at  05:42 PM
Harry Pavlidis said...

OK, dropping everything including his first two relief outings (one was multiple innings, starting in the 3rd, he’s been late game since then) I find that he stopped throwing the change-up.

Here are the rv100 and # thrown

Curve     0.43 (119)
Sinker    2.26 (13)
Fastball -3.11 (310)
Cutter   -5.46 (49)

and rv100E

Curve     1.46
Sinker    4.02
Fastball -1.83
Cutter   -3.85

Rolling it up, it moves Hughes into second place behind Thornton in the re-ordered top ten.

Based on rv100E, two of Hughes’ pitches are worse and two are better. Grain of salt included.

Posted 08/25  at  07:36 PM
Dave Allen said...

Sorry Harry,

Miss read it.  I had expected the cutter and fastball to look good even iwth the rv100E, because he is getting big time whiffs with both pitches.

Posted 08/25  at  09:53 PM
semih said...

Ryan Madson was the best man

Posted 08/31  at  09:00 PM
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