The Cooperstown case for Jeff Bagwell

It’s December, so for me that means it’s Hall of Fame month. Early next month, Cooperstown announces the results of the annual BBWAA election. With that in mind, last month I wrote a piece for THT, “The Cooperstown case for Tim Raines.”

This time, I’d like to make the case for another player: Jeff Bagwell.

Simply put, Bagwell was one of the most impressive offensive forces of his generation. His career was a bit too short to achieve the big, eye-catching milestones, but what he did in his prime was still impressive enough.

Last week with Raines, we looked at both peak and career value, as peak versus career is the main debate in how someone values a player’s career. Let’s do the same thing with Bagwell.

Peak value

This is where Bagwell’s case really shines, as his offensive peak was outstanding. Actually, it’s that he had so many outstanding seasons that nearly his entire career feels like one long, extended prime. In 15 seasons in the majors, Bagwell made the top 10 in some category, or categories, almost every year except for his final campaign.

Bagwell was almost never the best at anything, but he was among the best at almost everything. He never topped the league in homers, but he often was among the league leaders. Twice he was runner-up in dingers, and another time he finished in third place. In all, he had three 40-home run seasons alongside another trio of 39-homer years.

But Bagwell wasn’t just some one-dimensional slugger; he could also hit for average. Bagwell posted a half-dozen .300 seasons, and when he was under .300, he wasn’t under by much. In 1994, he posted a career-best .368 average, which placed him second behind Tony Gwynn in the NL. When you can out hit everyone not named Tony Gwynn, you’re doing a heckuva job.

Aside from power and average, Bagwell also possessed impressive plate discipline. In the first seasons of his career, Bagwell posted respectable walk totals, but he gradually improved. From 1996 to 2002, he posted seven straight 100-walk seasons, totaling 834 free passes in all during that stretch. In 1999, he posted a personal-best 149 walks.

Power, average, walks—yeah, Bagwell could do it all—plus a little more. He was also a pretty good base stealer. Not a great one, but Bagwell was a good bet to swipe double-digits a year. Twice he made it into the low 30s. As an added bonus, Bagwell had a really nice success rate on the bases. From 1993 to 1999, he was successful in over two-thirds of his steal attempts, getting 141 steals in 189 attempts.

A lot of guys hit for power, or have a nice average, or draw walks, or help their team out on the bases, but what makes Bagwell so special was that he could do it all, year-in, year-out for over a decade. And with the exception of steals, Bagwell did all of it at an elite level on a regular basis.

Oh, and let’s add this last little item to the hopper: Bagwell did this while spending most of his prime in the worst ballpark for hitters of modern times: Houston’s Astrodome.

Minute Mark Park has been around for so long, and has been such a great hitter’s park that entire time, that it might be easy to forget how many seasons Bagwell played in the Astrodome. The Astros last played there in 1999, and Bagwell’s best years ended in 2001.

Despite that, from 1991-1999, Runs Created says Bagwell was the third-best hitter in all baseball, behind only Barry Bonds and Frank Thomas. WAR agrees, naming him the third-best position player overall behind Bonds and Ken Griffey Jr.

That’s where Bagwell rated in his prime: For an entire decade, he was in the rarified air of Bonds, Griffey, and Thomas.

And at his absolute best in 1994, Bagwell was something truly special. He led the league in RBIs and finished second in homers and batting average. No National Leaguer has won a Triple Crown since Joe Medwick in 1937, but Bagwell damn near did it. He posted a .451 OBP and a .750 SLG, which nearly set a new all-time single-season NL record for slugging percentage.

A Hardball Times Update
Goodbye for now.

Yeah, if you’re into peak value, Bagwell is almost impossible to deny.

image
Bagwell blasting away

Career value

Bagwell’s Hall of Fame case works better with peak/prime value than career value, but he still has a very strong career case for Cooperstown.

As dominant as Bagwell was, at first glance his career numbers don’t seem as impressive as you’d expect them to be. For example, in this power-happy age, the great power-hitting Bagwell missed 500 homers.

Bagwell’s career was short. In 2003, he belted 39 homers to earn some support in MVP voting. Two years later, he knocked out a mere three homers in what proved to be his final season. It’s true that Bagwell missed the magic career milestones, but his career numbers are still comparable to many Hall of Famers.

Let’s look at homers for a second, one of baseball’s glamor stats. Bagwell was short of 500 homers with “only” 449, but 500 has never been the in/out line. It’s just the automatic/non-automatic line. His 449 shots put Bagwell in 35th place all time. It’s more than Hall of Famer sluggers Duke Snider, Billy Williams or Andre Dawson. Yes, Bagwell played in a better era for power, but those guys all played in better parks.

Think about it, people: There are about 150 Hall of Famers inducted for their performance as position players in the major leagues. Therefore, by definition, you don’t have to be ranked in the top 20 in homers to be a viable candidate. Let’s look at Bagwell’s career rankings in several categories.

Base on balls: 28th (1,401)

Home runs: 35th (449)

Hit by pitch: 40th (128)

Extra-base hits: 41st (969)

RBIs: 46th (1,529)

Runs scored: 63rd (1,517)

Doubles: 64th (488)

Total bases: 66th: (4,213)

Even if you ignore the Hall of Famers inducted for their glove work, or those in as pure peak players, or those mistakes that don’t belong in there, Bagwell’s career totals fit comfortably in the existing confines of Cooperstown. None of these are overwhelming numbers, but the only way someone gets these career numbers and gets left out is if he lacked much of a peak. That ain’t Bagwell.

And if you want, don’t forget his career rate stats are still terrific: a .297 batting average, .408 on-base percentage and .540 slugging percentage.

Let’s compare Bagwell to Dawson, whom the BBWAA recently elected. Dawson had the far longer career, lasting six more seasons and playing in nearly 700 more games. Despite that, Bagwell tops him in homers, 449 to 438. Bagwell thrashed Dawson in batting average, .297 to .279. He scored more 144 runs and had almost as many RBIs as Dawson.

Dawson’s big advantage comes in hits: 2,774 to 2,314, but that’s entirely due to walks. Dawson walked just 589 times in his career, while Bagwell had 1,401. Even with his shorter career and fewer hits, Bagwell actually got on base more than Dawson. As a result, Bagwell destroys Dawson in OBP (.408 to .323). And Dawson was a hell of a player.

Taking it from a more sabermetric point of view for a second, Bagwell’s career Wins Above Replacement ranks him as the 57th-best player ever (excluding pitchers, he’s 37th). He ranks 37th in career Runs Created.

Here’s another way of looking at it: Bagwell might have retired as the greatest first baseman in National League history. If not him, then who? Lou Gehrig played in the AL, as did Jimmie Foxx, Thomas, and (usually) Eddie Murray.

Prior to Bagwell, the battle for the best NL first baseman fell to either some 19th-century guys like Cap Anson and Roger Connor, or Johnny Mize or Willie McCovey. Credible cases could be made for all, but a reasonable case could be made for Bagwell over them.

The 19th-century guys played too far back in a much weaker overall league. Mize was a lot like Bagwell—power, average, walks—but had an even shorter career. Bagwell had fewer homers than McCovey, but more extra-base hits, more times on base and fewer outs. In his New Historical Abstract, Bill James ranks Bagwell the third-best first baseman ever, first among all NL ones.

Personally, I might take McCovey over him due to the difference in eras (McCovey played in the pitcher-happy 1960s), but if there’s a credible case that Bagwell is the best at his position in the history of his league, that’s an argument for induction. His best challenge to the title is the guy who emerged later on, Albert Pujols.

image
He’s well-remembered in Houston. But will enough outside of there vote for him?

Bagwell and Cooperstown

Yet, despite all that, Bagwell debuted on the ballot with only 41.7 percent of the vote. Many were upset about this showing. One main reason was given that I’ll discuss in the second (hint: It begins with the letter “S”), but his showing was in many ways very typical.

Here are two quick comparisons: Ryne Sandberg and Barry Larkin. Like Bagwell, both Sandberg and Larkin were longtime NL infielders strongly associated with one team who each won an MVP and were widely considered a future Hall of Famer while playing.

In Sandberg’s first year, he got a little under 50 percent of the vote. Larkin barely made it over 50 percent in his first year. Both topped Bagwell by a bit, but they’re all far closer to each other than to the 75 percent required for induction.

What’s going on here? It’s difficult to get elected without a strong hook. A player needs something clear to stand out so that a person can hazily think about him for just five seconds and think, “Yeah, he belongs in.” It can be 3,000 hits or 500 homers or a reputation as the greatest defensive shortstop ever or whatever, but you need that hook to get in on the first try.

As is, too many BBWAA writers serve in AL cities and never paid much attention to Bagwell. Or maybe they were long since retired and didn’t pay much attention to his career. Getting 40 percent of the vote or more on the first ballot is actually a terrific start. To date, the only people who started higher than Bagwell and are not currently in Cooperstown are guys still on the ballot: Larkin and Lee Smith.

Bagwell did worse than Sandberg and Larkin, admittedly. That’s probably partly because Bagwell was hurt by his team’s poor performance in the postseason. In his first four postseason appearances, Houston got bounced from the ALDS each time. The Astros didn’t advance until Bagwell was past his prime. In 129 postseason plate appearances, Bagwell hit an uninspiring .226/.364/.321.

Bagwell and steroids

Yeah, but there’s one little extra factor, though: that “S” word: steroids. Bagwell has been suspected of using steroids, and one theory explaining his low showing last year was that the BBWAA punished him as a possible doper.

Was he named by Jose Canseco as a possible ‘roider? No.

Was he named in the Mitchell Report as a steroid guy? No.

Was he known to flunk any drug tests at any point? No.

Did he voluntarily admit to taking ‘roids like Ken Caminiti or Jose Canseco? No.

Then why do some think he did it? Simple, he’s got big muscles and hits lots of homers in the 1990s. Oh, there’s a little more. He had a big power spike at age 26 and maintained it. He lifted lots of weights, just like some other accused and known ‘roiders did. Largely, though, it’s skepticism of the entire era.

Really, though, it’s just suspicion. Being muscular and lifting weights doesn’t make Bagwell a steroid guy. In fact, they explain a power spike without ‘roids.

Having a power spike doesn’t make him a steroid user. A generation earlier, Snider had a power spike at the same age. Like Bagwell, he’d been in the league for a few years when it happened, and he kept his power for many years. Heck, even Thomas, Bagwell’s peer and poster boy for the anti-‘roids movement, had a nice power spike just a year earlier at age 25.

Frankly, I’m not sure the BBWAA did vote against him as a ‘roider. As noted above, his vote total makes sense even aside from that controversy. It might explain a little bit, but that’s all.

That said, I think steroids might hurt him more this year than last year. Ultimately, Bagwell might be the person to pay the price for the recent Ryan Braun news. Braun, as I’m sure many out there in reader-land know, is the recently named NL MVP who even more recently has been named as a guy who tested positive for steroids.

This happened just on the eve of Cooperstown voting, and a lot of people are acutely concerned with possibly bestowing any award on any suspected individual. That would be a shame.

Here’s the dilemma facing the BBWAA: Due to the imperfect knowledge we have of who did or didn’t do steroids, the voters will have to end up doing one of two things —either elect a guy who did steroids or keep out someone who never did them. Given our lack of concrete evidence, it’s hard to avoid one of those two options.

Bagwell is an interesting test case for the BBWAA. To date, the only other steroid candidates on the ballot are pretty open-shut cases. Mark McGwire’s congressional testimony created a widespread belief he was took them, and he’s since admitted it, and Rafael Palmeiro famously flunked a drug test.


27 Comments
Oldest
Newest Most Voted
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
terencem
12 years ago

I am completely on-board that Bagwell belongs in the HoF, but I think you need to compare candidates to middle-of-the-field Hall of Famers instead of the borderline guys like Dawson. The first base comparison should be more than enough to make the case for Bagwell, though.

Chris J.
12 years ago

terencem – I don’t think Dawson is borderline.

Jim G.
12 years ago

RE: Braun, more accurately, he’s been accused of taking a “banned substance”, not necessarily a steroid.

All of these Hall of Fame “cases” keeps bringing me back to Dale Murphy. I keep wondering if he would have played 10 years later, in Bagwell’s era, what sort of numbers he would have put up. As it was, he had 398 career HR’s. He was a perennial MVP candidate through the 80s, winning twice in a row. He was a gold glove winner in centerfield, and could steal bases, reaching a career high of 30. To me, he should be at the top of the list of “Why isn’t this guy in?”

Squires8
12 years ago

It is not that Bagwell just lifted weights and got big muscles, but that he went from being relatively modest to relatively huge.  He had a team mate in Caminiti who freely admitted use in the same locker room and said said about 90% of the players used. There is a very good case to be suspicious.  Once someone is in, he’s in.  No need to hurry; who knows what could be revealed in the future.  Braun has his MVP and it won’t be taken back, but wouldn’t it have been nice to have known about his failed test before having to vote? 

Sadly and eventually, a current Hall of Famer will come out and admit to steroid use.  Since he can’t be removed, voters will be more inclined to let the rest in too.  Take a deep breath and be patient as we witness that cheating does pay.

Somewhere on a cloud Pud Galvin is laughing………

bbaustard
12 years ago

If Bagwell was a user he wouldn’t have retired so young. Roids would have carried him into his 40’s

AaronB
12 years ago

I’ll 2cd what bbaustard mentioned…

no idea if Bagwell used,  but his career did follow a more “traditional” arc, that of a player who did not use.  Peak years from about 26-32, still good years from 33-35, but not quite at the same level as before, out of baseball by 37.  Of course it also could be argued that his production also fell off about the time testing was initiated, so I’m not sure Bagwell, despite not being named by anyone as a user, can escape the stigma of using.

Marc Schneider
12 years ago

I don’t think it makes any difference whether he did or didn’t use.  I’m sure there were players who did steroids who weren’t great players.  It’s not as if steroids could make someone hit who couldn’t hit before.  In my mind, the reason to ban steroids is not because it’s “cheating” (which has occurred in baseball since time immemorial) but because its dangerous.  But I don’t see any reason to keep someone out just because the was supposedly “juiced.”  No one has any real idea what, if any, effect steorids has on performance.  I assume it helps but so does better bats, lights, smaller stike zones, etc.  Obviously, Bagwell’s ostensible connection with steroids is hurting his HOF case but, IMO, it should not.  Players in the “good old days” routinely took amphetimines, as Jim Bouton chronicled in Ball Four.  What’s the difference?  We all know that players are so competitive that they would take strichnine if if they thought it would help and I’m sure that goes for the players of yesteryear.

mebaits
12 years ago

Excellent article and makes a strong case. Add to it the fact that Bags just doesn’t fit the profile of a roider.

He was a pillar of the community. In tandem with Craig Biggio, he was he heart and soul of his team. He played the game the way it was supposed to be played and demanded the same of those around him.

Until I hear it from his own lips, I will never believe that Jeff Bagwell used steroids.

I think it will be poetic justice if he’s held up long enough in the process for he and Biggio to be inducted together.

Jim in NC
12 years ago

I like the guy who wrote a column saying that if a player can be kept out of the Hall of Fame for steroid use without any actual evidence of steroid use, then a lot of sportswriters should be fired for plagiarism because a lot of guys do it, even if there is no specific evidence that *they* plagiarized.

Todd
12 years ago

Bagwell is a shoo-in HOFer, no need to read the article (though I did). I can’t believe that isn’t obvious to the voters.

Kevin
12 years ago

The “S” word is really the only issue keeping Bagwell out.

The problem I have is that writers have declared an entire era of baseball’s history as tainted, yet then try to claim that they’re the arbiters of who did and didn’t use when it comes to Hall voting.

If they wanted to be consistent, then any player who had the bulk of his career during this time should simply fade off the ballot and let the Veterans Committee sort it out later.

Instead we’ll be subjected to arguments like this for years. I’m looking forward to the cases for and against Frank Thomas and Mike Piazza. Both should be first ballot inductees, surely no more than second ballot, but watch how the arguments will turn against Piazza since at least one writer swears he saw back acne on Piazza and you know what that means kids…..

Paul E
12 years ago

Of course he’s in….he’s the sole member of the
160 OPS+, 80 EBH, 80 BB, 30 SB club. Geez, what a silly article!

On a more serious note, that’s some pretty effective weight training. He not only became stronger (ridiculous increase in HR’s and EBH’s) after year three, he started stealing bases like a leadoff hitter in years soon after that.

Still, no “real” evidence of PED’s as Selig, Fehr, & Co let even the non-users suffer from suspicion because there was no testing

Travis Bickle
12 years ago

If you look like your on roids…then your on roids. Only fans want to be unsure.

Frank Jackson
12 years ago

Hopefully, the HOF voters will be sentimental enough to vote him in the same year they vote in Biggio.  As far as I know, the statutes of these two guys outside Minute Maid Park are the only statutes ever erected of ballplayers while they were still playing!

BobDD
12 years ago

“If you look like your on roids, then you . . .”  oooh I wish it were that easy. 

Did you just unravel the myster of Charles Atlas and Dolly Parton?

BobDD
12 years ago

Chris J doesn’t think Dawson is borderline???

So what 5 OF’s in HOF elected by the writers are lesser players than him?

Chris J.
12 years ago

BobDD – interesting qualifier you added in to your post “elected by the writers.” 

Dawson is a power hitter with a decent average, speed on the bases, and who played the most underrated position in the history of Hall voting – centerfield.  CFs always get lumped together with corner outfielders, even though they play a much more challenging defensive position. 

Dawson had a terrific prime, and plenty of career value.  The only knock on him is his low OBP due to drawing few walks.  But when you have everything else going for you – power, a good average, value on the bases, defensive value, a strong prime, a lengthy career – when you got all that, you can survive a lower OBP.

Nick
12 years ago

I think I’m going with Dan Brouthers as greatest NL first baseman.  Bagwell did have more plate appearances, but only passed his career OPS+ in a season twice.  (And in a larger league with higher variation in performances it’s easier to post a high + number.)

Still, Bagwell is comfortably above the HOF line, wherever it happens to be.  He doesn’t need the “possibly greatest NL 1B” tag to make it.

BobDD
12 years ago

Well I was trying to pull out of you how he was not borderline.  I notice you didn’t name anyone.  You mentioned terrific average, but it is the lowest of anyone voted by the writers.  But then later in your post you make the distinction that by average you are talking about hitting average not his horrific on-base average.  If you mean for his batting average to be his strong point, you should add in how tall he is in his stocking feet – I’m sure that is about as important as a batting average.

In a season of 700 PA (which Bagwell averaged in his top ten seasons), Dawson’s .323 OB% would have made 474 outs each year to Bagwell’s 414.  Sixty more outs every year deserves at least the moniker of borderline.

BobDD
12 years ago

Nick, Stan Musial played more games at 1B than any other position, so unless you make him use only half his career (the AB’s of 1B only) I’d say that Musial would then be the greatest NL 1B.

But admittedly he is hardly ever thought of as a career 1B, so I’ll not bet my firstborn on this.

zubin
12 years ago

I think Bagwell is a no-doubt HoFer, but given his short career it may take a year or two to get in.

I have no clue why you compare Dawson to Bagwell.  Dawson was a great centerfielder early in his career, playing 44% of his games there.

zubin
12 years ago

Sorry, that second comment wasn’t meant to be so harsh.  My point is that Dawson to Bagwell isn’t an apt comparision.

Greg Godsil
12 years ago

He can’t be proven a user (I don’t think he was) and his numbers were phenomenal.  And use this test…did a team want to face him with the game on the line?  No it did not!  He’s legit and belongs in the hall!  Do the right thing and elect him now.  Why wait 15 years?  That’s ridiculous.

Marc Schneider
12 years ago

“All of these Hall of Fame “cases” keeps bringing me back to Dale Murphy. I keep wondering if he would have played 10 years later, in Bagwell’s era, what sort of numbers he would have put up. As it was, he had 398 career HR’s. He was a perennial MVP candidate through the 80s, winning twice in a row. He was a gold glove winner in centerfield, and could steal bases, reaching a career high of 30. To me, he should be at the top of the list of “Why isn’t this guy in?” “

I’m a Braves fan and I thought Murphy was a terrific player in his prime—but his prime was awfully short.  He really only had 5 or 6 great years.  He declined very quickly.  I just have a hard time seeing someone get in the Hall with such a short prime-unless it’s an exceptional case like Sandy Koufax whose prime was special enough to, IMO, make up for his short career.  Murphy was great but not phenomenal.  Certainly, though, there are worse players than Murphy that are in the Hall.

stevebogus
12 years ago

Bagwell’s increase in power came when the entire MLB HR rate increased. Homeruns increased by over 20% from 1992 to 1993. Multiyear comparisons show the same effect (comparing 1988-1992 and 1993-1997 for example).

Setting the PED issue aside for the moment, this resembles other times in baseball history when offensive numbers increased. Sometimes we have a very good idea why batters gained an edge. In 1911 the cork-centered ball was introduced. In 1920 came the spitball/scuffball ban and the edict to remove dirty baseballs from play. In 1930 the NL experimented with a thinner cover on the ball. For those years we have sensible explanations. In other years there is no particular reason to explain the HR increase (or decrease). The mid-1990s power increase has been deemed by many to be due to steroid/PED use. But a juiced up baseball could produce the same results. While there is some evidence that changes were made to the baseball at about this time those stories have pretty much been ignored and the “official” position (that there had been no change to the baseballs) has gone unchallenged by the sports media.

Since it became easier to hit HRs it is increasingly clear that some of the old “standards” no longer can be applied. And I agree. The Hall of Fame is not the Hall of Numbers. Bagwell and everyone else who played in this big-hitting era should be evaluated by how he compared to his peers, not by a set of arbitrary career milestones. I think he will eventually get in, but it will take years for the consensus to approach 75%.

bucdaddy
12 years ago

I’ll take this opportunity, as I usually do, to say that I detest the entire Hall voting process, from the ethical questions raised by working journalists voting to increase the value of an ex-player’s autograph to the insane Hall voting process, which would make most dictators blush: OK, we give you 15 chances to be elected, and if you don’t make it, we STILL give you chances through the Golden Age Committee.

I don’t know whether Bags’ considerable offensive prowess was attributable to steroids or not, or whether it should count against him. To me, the far larger issue is why no one is pushing for reform of the Hall voting system, which is just crazy. I mean, the president of the United States—the leader of the Free World, the most important man on the planet, is chosen in one election: In or out. But baseball players get something like 16 chances to be elected, and have decades to build a case?

I can’t be the only one who thinks this is nuts.

Alan Anthony
12 years ago

You can’t compare presidential elections to Hall of Fame voting. Comparing poltics to baseball is ridiculous to begin with, but if you are going to compare, then a presidential election would be like an MVP vote. You get one chance to win each time there is an election, and that is it. Hall of Fame voting is evaluating an etire player’s career, so the political equivalent would be debating a president’s place in history, which certainly lasts longer than 15 years.