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Friday, February 29, 2008

Catchers: Overrated or underrated?


The value of catchers is a hot topic in the fantasy baseball community. You can read opinions about it on any number of websites, mostly because there are so many differing opinions about it. Some people think it's a good idea to take Victor Martinez as early as round two. Some think it's best to take a Jorge Posada type in round eight. Others think it's better to take a Geovany Soto or J.R. Towles in Round 13. Still others prefer to wait as long as possible and scrape the bottom of the barrel for catchers.

Replacement level

Here is my take ... what I believe to be the most logically sound valuation of a catcher. I've written about Standings Gain Points as my preferred player valuation method twice recently. As a quick aside, I've gotten quite a few responses in my request for help with my Standings Gain Points project, but we still need more. Keep them coming!

You'll find people who argue—although unconvincingly, when examined logically—that it isn't, but position scarcity is quite real. No questions asked. One of my favorite quotes on this subject comes from Keith Woolner, who developed the widely-known Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) stat:
Baseball is a zero sum game. One team always wins at the expense of another. It is not possible for one team to win without another losing. In order to win, a team must be able to produce more runs (or prevent runs from scoring) than the opposition. Its success in producing wins is directly tied to its ability to produce more runs than its opponent. Any competitive advantage a team has must, in some way, translate to better on-field performance to be valuable.

A commodity which is easily available to all teams at no or low cost confers no competitive advantage, and therefore is of minimal value. Thus, baseball value comes from scarcity.

Scarcity is important, and the easiest way to measure scarcity is to measure against the 'replacement level player'. Replacement level represents the highest level of freely available talent—talent that every owner in your league has access to for zero cost.

That replacement level, however, varies by position. If you're catcher gets injured, you can't take a replacement level first basemen or outfielder and plug him in. You need to take a catcher.

Fantasy application

Let's think about it in terms of draft day; a replacement level first baseman in fantasy might be Mike Jacobs or Conor Jackson. Neither are fantastic, but they're decent. Now consider that a replacement level catcher might be Ronny Paulino or Yorvit Torrealba—not nearly as good. The drop-off from a first baseman like Mark Teixeira (who is generally being taken around the same time as the first catcher) to a Jacobs or Jackson is much smaller than the drop-off from a catcher like Martinez or Russell Martin to one like Paulino or Torrealba.

The combination of Martinez and Jackson will allow you to gain more points in the standings than the combination of Teixeira and Paulino—theoretically speaking, using the probabilistic concept of value, assuming that Jackson and Paulino are replacement level and get taken at the end of the draft, assuming that Teixeira is deserving of a pick around when the first catcher gets taken, and understanding that this concept holds true regardless of which players your own projections say belong in these spots.

That is the essence of replacement level in fantasy baseball, and that is why position scarcity is so important. Using a combination of SGPs and replacement level theory can give us an exact picture of how valuable every player is in comparison to every other player, which is exactly what we need to do when drafting from a comprehensive pool of players.

For a more in-depth look at the topic of replacement level and position scarcity, check out my article in the 2008 Rotoworld Draft Guide.

Where to take catchers

Hopefully, we can now agree that it is necessary to account for position scarcity and that catchers have extra value simply because they are catchers. That leaves us with the question of where to actually take them in fantasy drafts.

Using the Standings Gain Points (SGP) method for a traditional, 12-team mixed league, you'll generally find the first catcher or two among the Top 30 players (hitters and pitchers). I don't however, believe that this is where you should take catchers, even though taking one in the third round of a traditional mixed league draft would net you positive value.

In an interview I recently gave for the inaugural issue of Most Valuable Network's online magazine Roster, I was asked a question that dealt with this. Here's how it went:

ROSTER: With regard to position scarcity and acquiring a strong catcher in your fantasy lineup: Who do you think will provide more fantasy value in 2008, Russell Martin with an average draft position of 30, or Jorge Posada at pick No. 90? Is Martin five rounds more valuable?

CARTY: I love Russell Martin this year. I’ve taken him as high as round three in one mock draft (which was my first of the year, actually), and I believe that he nets you positive value in that spot. However, because it’s the third round, the margin for value is pretty small. Even if you take him at No. 30 and you have him ranked at No. 20, the value you get there is limited. If you have a guy like Posada or McCann valued at No. 30 or No. 35 and you take him at No. 90, you’re getting a whole lot more value there.

Like I said about pitchers, catchers too are undervalued as a group. While I think it’s a mistake to take Santana in round one (despite him having positive value there), I also feel like it’s a mistake to take Victor or Russell in round three or four (despite them having positive value there). Because the position as a whole is undervalued, you can pick up exponentially better value as you move down a few rounds (as long as you don’t wait too long) and the gap between actual value and market value (where you ultimately take him) expands.

This logic doesn’t really apply to, say, outfielders. If you get your No. 20 player (who is an outfielder) at No. 30, your margin for value is small, the same as it was with Russell Martin when we put him in this situation. The difference is that at pick No. 90, you would have to have some wildly different rankings than everyone else to pick up your No. 30 or No. 35 player who is an outfielder. More likely, you’ll get maybe your No. 70 player who is an outfielder. Because the market value of outfielders is closer to where their true value lies, you don’t reap that benefit by waiting longer to take them, as you would by waiting on Posada or McCann. Because of this, I don’t plan on taking Martin or Victor in any of my leagues this year, but I do plan on getting a guy like McCann or Posada a bit later on.

As far as taking your second catcher in two-catcher leagues, I wouldn't have a problem taking both a Brian McCann and a Posada. I also wouldn't begrudge anyone who takes a Geovany Soto-type—a guy who could easily wind up as a top catcher this year—a few rounds later. This can be a little risky, though, because if Soto doesn't work out, you'll be stuck with a run-of-the-mill second catcher that you used a 12th or 13th round pick on.

Second catchers (those in the 13 to 24 range) generally give you very similar production to one another, so if you somehow miss out on the top guys, just wait until the endgame to take your second catcher. This is a poor alternative to taking two guys like McCann and Posada, but it's better than compounding the mistake of not taking them by selecting whoever the best catcher available is in round fourteen or fifteen after the first dozen or so are gone.

Because of this negligible difference between second catchers, if Soto doesn't produce like a No. 1 catcher, it's really a wasted pick. I'll still likely take him in a few leagues because I do believe he can be a No. 1 catcher, but it is a little risky doing so.

Concluding thoughts

The subject of replacement level and position scarcity can be very theoretical and might be a little difficult to follow at times. I tried to lay it out pretty clearly, but if there's anything you didn't understand, feel free to e-mail me, and I'll try to elaborate.

Posted by Derek Carty at 5:50pm

Fantasy mailbag: Pitching sleepers, mock draft tips, save Dumping


Tim Dierkes writes a daily fantasy baseball blog called RotoAuthority. If you enjoy this column, check it out.

Feel free to submit mailbag questions here. Please note that I cannot answer questions specific to your fantasy team—these mailbags will focus on questions of interest to many fantasy leaguers. Let's get to it!

As me and mine are in the process of cobbling together a new 5x5 cumulative roto league, the question I would like to put to you is this: why use just home runs and not OPS? A brief survey of the rules for "expert leagues" reflects the use of home runs, too, but it's still nagging at me. To my mind and for my money, literally, I would rather have another rate statistic for the offensive players besides the suspect batting average, one which accounts for more baseball events than just a home run and, arguably, confers more value on more players. - Anonymous

Rather than answer this question specifically, I'll just give my opinion on what categories I like to use in fantasy leagues. I am a strong proponent of the standard 5x5: batting average, home runs, RBIs, runs, steals, ERA, WHIP, wins, strikeouts, and saves. Do they perfectly represent the stats a GM should look at when assembling a real baseball team? Of course not. But I play fantasy baseball because it's a fun, competitive game, not because I want to prove I'm the next Billy Beane. I fully understand VORP, OPS, strikeout-to-walk ratio, you name it. To me these stats aren't to be used for fantasy baseball; they take some of the fun out of it. If your goal is really to approximate the real game, you'll get so deep in advanced fielding metrics that none of your friends will want to be in your league.

A good analogy for fantasy baseball is Monopoly. Monopoly wouldn't be improved by making it more realistic. It kind of approximates buying property, but doesn't overdo it. I don't want my fantasy league to be realistic; I want it to be fun. There's a lot of skill needed to win a standard 5x5, and the fluke stats like batting average are a challenge. You can get buried in advanced stats all you want just trying to predict a guy's ERA.

Who do you think are the starting pitchers that no one is really predicting for breakouts that could conceivably make the leap? - Patrick

To do this exercise I'm going to look at mixed league pitchers I have projected at $5 or less.

- I have Zack Greinke posting a 4.32 ERA and 1.34 WHIP in 175 innings. Could he do 3.90/1.25 in 190 innings? Definitely.
- Ervin Santana is a youngster who could bounce back big-time. He did win 16 games in '06.
- I'm still not quite ready to give up on Anthony Reyes. He could still provide 175 innings of low 4.00 ERA ball.
- Daniel Cabrera had a very poor 2007, but he did make 34 starts. He's not yet 27, and his $3 million salary could prompt the Orioles to trade him. If he lands in the NL with the right pitching coach, who knows?
- Micah Owings, Jason Bergmann, Manny Parra, Randy Wolf, Jason Hirsh, Jair Jurrjens, and Paul Maholm could surprise some people.

Got tips for how to utilize the hidden data in mock drafts in prepping for the real deal? - Eric

Be sure to use it as a guide but don't handcuff yourself to it. I make this mistake sometimes. I pass on Corey Hart in the fifth round because mock drafts show him being taken in the sixth or seventh. So what? Mock draft data averages tons of drafts, picks in your league will fluctuate wildly from it. Don't miss out on your guys for fear of picking someone a round or two early. Still use it as a general guide—if Kelly Johnson is going in the 17th round don't take him in the seventh.

It's probably better to use mock draft data to determine who is significantly overrated in the public eye.

What are your thoughts on dumping the save stat all together? - Matt

It's too risky to possibly throw away your entire fantasy season on a questionable strategy. If you punt a category, you need to rock in the others. It reduces your margin for error. One miscalculation or season-ending injury, you're toast. At least in a mixed league you can wait past the 10th round to take a closer. In that case I'd grab two decent guys and speculate on a third toward the very end. But remember in an AL-only league, there are only 14 guys with closer jobs. You need at least one reliable closer.

Posted by Tim Dierkes at 7:14am

Wednesday, February 27, 2008

Standings Gain Points project


Last week, I briefly discussed the Standings Gain Points valuation method. This method has to be the greatest, most logical way of valuing players I've ever heard of.

What Standings Gain Points essentially do is help you compare the value of, say, one home run to one RBI. Once you get a relative value for every category, you can then weight every players performance in those categories to get his overall contribution to your team's success. Using this method better allows us to get a gauge on which players are helping our team the most. It helps answer long-debated questions like "What's more valuable, a steal or a home run?" Standings Gain Points gives us the answer to this question, and many more!

However, the answer to these types of questions varies by league type. A steal in a six-team mixed league might be wildly more or less valuable than a steal in a 20-team AL-only league. That's where you guys come in. In order to calculate Standings Gain Points, you need to have the standings from an actual league to base them off of. And the more standings we have for a particular league type, the more accurate our SGPs are going to be.

So I am hoping to start a project to accumulate a large number of standings from all different different kinds of league. Once I get a bunch, I'll use them all to come up with overall SGP values for each type of league, which I'll release to you guys to use for valuing your own players.

To make this project a success, though, I'm going to need your help. I'd like you guys to send me the final standings from every league you played in this year (or in past years, if you have them), along with the basic setup of the league. When sending these, please don't send them to my normal e-mail address. I'd prefer not to have my regular inbox fill up with these. Instead, please send them to .

For the league standings, I'm going to need a breakdown of each category. For example, for home runs, I would need the following:
Home Runs
Team 1	300
Team 2	255
Team 3	276
Team 4	240
Team 5	290
etc.

For batting average, ERA, WHIP, or any other ratio stats—in addition to the above information for the category—I would also really appreciate if you could get each team's total at-bats and total innings pitched. If you're using other ratio stats that don't use at-bats or innings pitched (maybe you use a stat that uses plate appearances), I'd like to get each team's total for those stats as well.

I'd need that for every category your league plays with, as well as the following information about the league itself:
1) AL, NL, or mixed league
2) Number of teams in league
3) Positions used, and how many of each position (i.e. two catchers)

This might sound like a lot of work, but really, it's only going to be two or three minutes. And it will be worth it. This is the best valuation method I've ever read about, and I believe that this will end up being an invaluable resource for all of us.

Remember, when you send these in, please send them to this address:

A preemptive thank you to everyone who participates in this. Thank you!

Posted by Derek Carty at 4:34am

THT Fantasy Focus reader competition at Rotohog


I got an e-mail recently from the people at RotoHog offering a fun opportunity for myself and each of you.

First, for those unfamiliar with RotoHog, it is a fantasy baseball game unlike any other. RotoHog offers a global trading floor that operates much like a stock market. Instead of drafting players, you are assigned a budget and must field a team by buying and selling players on the trading floor. Each week, you have the opportunity to completely revamp your team on the trading floor (if you so desire)—an opportunity we are not afforded in traditional fantasy leagues.

Anyway, RotoHog has started a new program that I think sounds very interesting.
The fantasy baseball season is almost here, and Rotohog.com is introducing new opportunities for bloggers and Fantasy Sports content sites. We have created customized Fantasy Baseball Leagues for blogs! Fantasy players can opt into a Blog League, pledge their allegiance to their favorite blog, and compete against other blogs. RotoHog will list your blog in the Blog League Directory and users will have the option to sign up for the blog league of their choice.

What's in it for you guys?
RotoHog is giving away prizes for the top Blog League. While the prize is yet to be determined, it will be worth the time that you and your readers put in.

Not very descriptive, but I'll be sure to let you guys know more when they tell me more. Even if there was no prize involved, this still sounds like a challenging and enjoyable competition. I've never played Rotohog before, but I'm really looking forward to it.

So if you guys would like to participate, head on over to Rotohog and sign up. Then, list THT Fantasy Focus as your favorite blog and get started! Here's the timetable of events you'll need to be concerned with:
200 players are released on the static trading floor on February 29th. One week later, Barry Bonds will be released. After that, each Friday a new set of players will be released until the trading floor goes live on March 24th. Our new site launches on the 29th, so tell your readers to continually check for updates.

Once the trading floor opens, I'll likely post some guys I feel are under priced and therefore good buys. I'll also post sporadically throughout the season to help lend a hand. If you're up for a challenge, be sure to sign up! Oh, and be sure to list THT Fantasy Focus as your favorite blog, or else you're score won't count for us.

Posted by Derek Carty at 1:11am

Sunday, February 24, 2008

2008 TQS targets


The other day, I introduced a new stat called "True Quality Starts." I've gotten some good feedback. Today, I'd like to use this stat to take a look at a few pitchers who might be undervalued going into the 2008 fantasy baseball season.

Dustin McGowan

We've talked about McGowan before, and he's a top sleeper for a lot of owners. Incidentally, TQS likes him too.

Peripherals
YEAR	AGE	G	GS	IP	ERA	LIPS ERA	K/9	BB/9	GB%
2005	23	13	7	45.3	6.35	4.95		6.75	3.38	44.22
2006	24	16	3	27.3	7.24	6.16		7.24	8.23	42.55
2007	25	27	27	169.7	4.08	4.07		7.64	3.24	52.61

TQS Stats
YEAR	GS	TQS%	GREAT%	GOOD%	AVG%	BAD%	AWFUL%	GG%	BA%	GG/BA
2005	7	43	0	0	71	29	0	0	29	0
2006	3	0	0	0	67	33	0	0	33	0
2007	27	70	11	19	59	11	0	30	11	267

Not much to go on (in terms of TQS) before 2007, but last year he was quite good. He was one of just 13 pitchers who had a double-digit "great" percentage, and he was 30th in "good & great" percentage. His peripherals were good enough to get him a LIPS ERA just above 4.00, and there is plenty of room for growth in both his strikeout and walk rates. Plus, he's got that nice ground ball rate. Furthermore, if you remember our last talk about him, he has an excellent curve ball. Most signs point to McGowan having a good year and outperforming his market value.

Joe Blanton

Peripherals
YEAR	AGE	G	GS	IP	ERA	LIPS ERA	K/9	BB/9	GB%
2004	23	3	0	8.0	5.63	3.19		6.75	2.25	40.91
2005	24	33	33	201.3	3.53	4.76		5.19	3.00	44.20
2006	25	32	31	194.3	4.82	4.80		4.96	2.69	42.57
2007	26	34	34	230.0	3.95	4.10		5.48	1.57	46.21

TQS Stats
YEAR	GS	TQS%	GREAT%	GOOD%	AVG%	BAD%	AWFUL%	GG%	BA%	GG/BA
2004	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2005	33	52	3	12	64	15	6	15	21	71
2006	31	32	0	10	71	19	0	10	19	50
2007	34	62	3	35	56	6	0	38	6	650

After 2006, Blanton didn't look so good. He was just 25, though, and in his age 26 year he seemed to really improve. He ranked 14th in baseball in "good & great" percentage, sandwiched between John Lackey and Scott Kazmir. However, this was mostly a function of his fantastic walk rate, which I'm not sure he can sustain—very few pitchers can.

He did have 23 starts (68 percent) with a BB/9 under two and nine starts (26 percent) in which he didn't walk anyone. That indicates he might be able to maintain a low walk rate, but—not surprisingly—in his 11 starts with a BB/9 over two, he had nine outings (82 percent) that were "below average" or "bad."

Going into his age 27 season, Blanton's strikeout rate could improve some more. If he also maintains that walk rate, he could be a great pick. If the walk rate regresses toward its 2006 level, though, Blanton could be in for a rough year. If you do pick him, watch that walk rate carefully in April.

James Shields

Peripherals
YEAR	AGE	G	GS	IP	ERA	LIPS ERA	K/9	BB/9	GB%
2006	24	21	21	124.7	4.84	4.12		7.51	2.74	41.98
2007	25	31	31	215.0	3.85	3.69		7.70	1.51	42.24

TQS Stats
YEAR	GS	TQS%	GREAT%	GOOD%	AVG%	BAD%	AWFUL%	GG%	BA%	GG/BA
2006	21	67	0	5	81	14	0	5	14	33
2007	31	81	19	16	58	3	3	35	6	550

Shields was one of my favorite sleepers going into 2007, and it worked out well. Going into 2008, he could be underrated yet again. His "great" percentage was second in baseball among pitchers with at least 12 starts... second to just Erik Bedard, who had a 3.13 LIPS ERA.

Like Blanton's, Shields' walk rate was exceptionally low. Unlike Blanton, Shields has that amazing "Great" percentage working for him. Also unlike Blanton's, Shields' value doesn't hinge on his ability to keep his walk rate that low. His strikeout rate is higher to begin with, and the opportunity for growth is greater than Blanton's. Shields had 13 starts (42 percent) with a K/9 above eight and nine starts (29 percent) with a K/9 above 10. The man has some serious ace potential. Shields is a guy I'll definitely be targeting this year.

Randy Johnson

Peripherals
YEAR	AGE	G	GS	IP	ERA	LIPS ERA	K/9	BB/9	GB%
2004	40	35	35	245.7	2.60	2.69		10.62	1.61	42.42
2005	41	34	34	225.7	3.79	3.56		8.42	1.87	44.46
2006	42	33	33	205.0	5.00	4.07		7.55	2.63	41.10
2007	43	10	10	56.7	3.81	2.92		11.44	2.06	38.89

TQS Stats
YEAR	GS	TQS%	GREAT%	GOOD%	AVG%	BAD%	AWFUL%	GG%	BA%	GG/BA
2004	35	91	37	26	37	0	0	63	0	INF
2005	34	74	6	41	47	6	0	47	6	800
2006	33	64	9	21	55	12	3	30	15	200
2007	10	80	10	60	20	10	0	70	10	700

I first want to note that there is a lot not to like about Johnson. First, he'll be 44 years old this season. Leading up to 2007, all of his numbers were dropping, both peripherals and TQS stats. They were still pretty good, but rapidly declining. In 2007, he was fantastic, but it was during just 10 starts. He aggravated his back three times, and at his age, the chances of injury in 2008 are pretty high.

Now for the good news. In 2007, while he had just 10 starts, they were 10 fantastic starts. Of them, 70 percent were either "good" or "great," and just 20 percent were either "below average" or "bad." His strikeout rate was the highest it had been since 2002, and his walk rate was fantastic as well. Furthermore, if you take out his three-inning, six K/9, six BB/9 start that ended up being his final of the year (his sole "bad" start), Johnson's numbers look even better.

It appears that RJ's still got a little left in the tank, and he's still available at the end of most traditional 12-team mixed league drafts. I think his recent display of skills—even in 2006 he wasn't bad—and his cheap price makes him worth a pick in the late rounds of these types of leagues.

Concluding thoughts

We'll probably look at a few more guys—perhaps some who TQS doesn't look as favorably on—in the next few days.

As a side note, my first article is up over at Rotoworld, examining the position battle for Tampa Bay's final two rotation spots, the third base battle for the Dodgers, and 10 guys whose stocks are on the move. Check it out.

Posted by Derek Carty at 12:02am


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