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Wednesday, July 08, 2009

The control hitters have over LD%


I thought we'd do something a little bit different today, pulling an interesting question out of the 'ole mailbag to answer:
I understand that pitchers are not in control of their LD%s. Are hitters, and to what extent? Should I use LD% when evaluating hitters? To take an example from this year that's bothering me, Brendan Ryan has a LD% of over 22%. Albert Pujols is under 16%. I find it difficult to believe, to say the least, that this is the product of skill-driven results. Furthermore, Pujols has a below-average BABIP (in the .275 range last I checked), while Ryan's is above-average (in the .350 range last I checked). Arguably the differential in BABIP could be explained by LD%. Or, should I be looking at it as a case where the LD%s will correct, and the BABIP with it?

I've expressed, in passing, my dislike for the assumption that line drive rate is a repeatable skill, but I haven't really delved too deeply into it for quite some time. Thanks very much to reader Todd for bringing this question up and questioning something that many analysts still believe to be true.

The short answer to your question is that, no, hitters don't have very much control over their line drive rates.

Why are line drives good?


Let's take a quick step back. In case you haven't seen these numbers yet, line drives are very good. They become hits roughly 70 percent of the time, while groundballs fall in for hits just 25 percent of the time and outfield flies 15 percent of the time. Line drives are hit in the air, on a lower plane than outfield flies so that they land sooner, and they are often struck harder than outfield flies.

Line drives have a higher correlation with a hitter's Batting Average on Balls in Play (BABIP), a huge component of batting average, so line drive rate has gotten a lot of play over the last couple years. Unfortunately, many see the high correlation and assume that a high line drive rate now will equal a high BABIP in the future. Many will even refer to and arrive at conclusions based on the "LD%+.120" formula for "expected BABIP", which I have expressed my disdain for (as a forward-looking metric) in the past. I've even shown that this formula is worse at predicting BABIP than the hitter's actual BABIP from the previous season. But why? If line drive rate correlates so well with BABIP, why doesn't it do a good job of predicting it?

Line drive rate is not very stable


That's why. If I look at all hitters from 2004 through 2008 who amassed at least 300 at-bats in adjacent seasons (and played on the same team both years*), the year-to-year correlation is 0.28. That's a little worse than what we might call a medium correlation and essentially means that 8 percent of a hitter's line drive rate can be explained by his rate in the previous season.** This is certainly significant, but it's not too terribly high. To compare, roughly 60 percent of a player's ground ball rate can be explained by his previous season rate.

*It's been shown that balls in play are classified as line drives differently from park to park, so I limited myself to players who remained on the same team as a quick way of eliminating some of this bias.
**This isn't exactly true since I'm opening myself up to some bias by including some arbitrary cut-offs, but it serves our purposes well enough.


Check out this table, which shows the best and worst line drive hitters in 2007 and how their rates fared in 2008.
+--------------+----------+-------+-------+
| LAST         | FIRST    | 07LD% | 08LD% |
+--------------+----------+-------+-------+
| Young        | Michael  | 27.20 | 22.51 |
| Figgins      | Chone    | 26.45 | 23.76 |
| Atkins       | Garrett  | 24.47 | 22.07 |
| Howard       | Ryan J   | 24.33 | 22.30 |
| Polanco      | Placido  | 23.92 | 18.73 |
| Cust         | Jack     | 23.21 | 20.83 |
| Wright       | David A  | 23.19 | 25.63 |
| Hall         | Bill     | 23.10 | 20.92 |
| Sanchez      | Freddy   | 22.47 | 24.31 |
| Aurilia      | Rich     | 22.18 | 17.95 |
+--------------+----------+-------+-------+
| Kendrick     | Howie    | 15.94 | 20.00 |
| Guerrero     | Vladimir | 15.64 | 17.09 |
| Uggla        | Dan C    | 15.64 | 15.75 |
| Snyder       | Chris R  | 15.33 | 18.22 |
| Uribe        | Juan     | 15.10 | 20.46 |
| Young        | Chris B  | 15.09 | 19.13 |
| Punto        | Nick     | 14.56 | 20.51 |
| Buck         | John R   | 13.41 | 16.19 |
| Matthews Jr. | Gary     | 12.89 | 14.46 |
| Laird        | Gerald   | 12.15 | 21.53 |
+--------------+----------+-------+-------+

Keep in mind that a league average line drive rate is roughly 19 percent. As you can see, almost all of the leaders and trailers regressed toward that 19 percent mark the following season, often quite heavily. In fact, just two of the 20 failed to move closer to league average in 2008.

If you need further validation, you can check out this list of projected line drive rates (leaders and trailers), courtesy of David Gassko and Chris Costancio's THT Projection System:
+------------+----------+-------+
| FIRST      | LAST     | pLD%  |
+------------+----------+-------+
| Garrett    | Atkins   | 21.6% |
| Todd       | Helton   | 21.3% |
| Freddy     | Sanchez  | 21.3% |
| David      | Wright   | 21.3% |
| Michael    | Young    | 21.0% |
| Bobby      | Abreu    | 20.9% |
| Manny      | Ramirez  | 20.9% |
| Ryan       | Ludwick  | 20.8% |
| Miguel     | Cabrera  | 20.7% |
| Mark       | Loretta  | 20.7% |
+------------+----------+-------+
| John       | Mayberry | 16.9% |
| Emmanuel   | Burriss  | 16.9% |
| Chad       | Tracy    | 16.9% |
| Lou        | Marson   | 16.8% |
| Robinzon   | Diaz     | 16.8% |
| Nick       | Evans    | 16.8% |
| Cameron    | Maybin   | 16.8% |
| Luis       | Castillo | 16.7% |
| Laynce     | Nix      | 16.6% |
| Alexi      | Casilla  | 16.1% |
+------------+----------+-------+

As you can see, the top projected line drive hitter for 2009 was Garrett Atkins at 21.6 percent, only a couple percentage points above league average. If we look in the other direction, Alexi Casilla is the only player projected to be much under 17 percent. This is a pretty tight range and provides further evidence that we shouldn't put much weight into wide swings in a hitter's line drive rate — sophisticated projection systems obviously include a great deal of regression to the mean for hitters.

The moral of the story


The moral of the story is that, like BABIP, line drive rate is prone to swings in luck. While some players are better line drive hitters than others and can post above average rates more often than not (see: Michael Young), hitters in general don't have a ton of control over this stat — or, at least, it takes several seasons to get a really good read on their ability. If a player like Pujols has never posted a line drive rate this low before, we should expect it to rise going forward (and like Todd suggested, his BABIP will often go with it). The reverse goes for a guy like Brendan Ryan, who has already seen his line drive rate drop to 21.5 percent since this e-mail was received a week or so ago.

Concluding thoughts


Any questions, as always, feel free to comment or e-mail me.

Posted by Derek Carty at 7:00am (7) Comments

Thursday, July 09, 2009

Minor League Mailbag - 7/8/09


Q: Big fan and would love to hear any feedback on who has the higher upside in the future, Brett Wallace or Mat Gamel? Also, who will "stick" at third?

-- Neven


A: The Brett Wallace versus Mat Gamel battle is a hot topic in many prospect circles. If you would have asked me at the beginning of the season, I would have said Gamel hands down. But you're asking me today. I would still take Gamel, but there is cause for concern. At the plate Gamel has looked lost at times against good major league pitching. But Gamel's professional career has consisted of one tremendous building block after another. He has made huge adjustments at each level he has passed through and become a better hitter because of it. I think he will adjust once again to the best that the big leagues can throw at him. Gamel's bat has a chance to be truly dynamic in the majors. Wallace's bat, to me, doesn't hint toward great things, merely good things. Wallace is a tad overrated by many, as I don't see the big-time upside that others do.

At one point I had my doubts as to either one sticking at third base, but both are making strides and both project to be competent major league defenders at the hot corner.

Q: I know he may not have rookie status anymore, but do you foresee Joel Guzman ever returning to the majors? What would it take for him to get back there with the Nationals in the next year or two?

-- Corey


A: Guzman certainly has a chance to be an average major league third baseman, or at least a good utility man, in another year or two. He's only 24 years old and his plate discipline is coming along. If you can stash him in your farm system it's definitely worth the gamble.

Q: Who would you take and in what order: Ike Davis, Logan Forsythe or James Darnell? I’m looking at both proximity to the big leagues and ceiling.

-- Marc


A: All three players are approximately the same age, and all three players will be a part of the bubble watch list when I next update the Top 100 list. With Darnell's early struggles in the Cal League, and the fact that both Davis and Forsythe are looking solid at the Double-A level, I would put Darnell at the bottom of the list. If you prefer upside, Davis should be at the top. But if you need a third baseman and a safe bet, San Diego has high hopes for Forsythe's ability to become a solid big leaguer. If they both continue on their current path they will both make their initial marks in the majors sometime in 2010.

Q: When you say “Hanson is the best pitching prospect in baseball,” are you suggesting he is better than Price, or is he not eligible?

-- Posted by EDUB in the comments section on 05/29 at 11:55 AM.


A: To hear my thoughts on both Hanson and Price check out THT's Top 100 Prospect List. Basically, the fact that Price plays in the AL East combined with his infuriating control issues has me a bit leery of his future.

Q: It may be early to jump on Strasburg, but many of us fantasy players may be able to do just that and want to know how to compare him to others in this list. We are looking for help in valuing Strasburg now (in my keeper league he was available in reserve) and certainly feel he already belongs in top 100 (feel free to asterix him).

-- Posted by Corey in the comments section on 05/28 at 11:02 PM.


A: I have decided to add this year's draft class to the the Top 100 Prospect List as they sign. As you can see I have added players like Eric Arnett and Tony Sanchez to the watch list already. Go with your gut on Strasburg, fellas. If I had to add him to the list today he would be in the top 10.

Q:It looks like Boston is moving Casey Kelly back to shortstop. Any thoughts?

--Brian


A: That is the way it looks. Apparently Kelly has his heart set on shortstop. Unfortunately, his bat isn't doing him any favors. I don't foresee the move working for Kelly. His future is as a pitcher. Moving him off the mound for the remainder of the season doesn't hurt his long-term prospects. It's a decent way for Boston to limit his innings while keeping the young man happy and working hard.

To be featured in a future Minor League Mailbag, send and all minor league questions to .(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address).

Posted by Matt Hagen at 3:00am (0) Comments

The Yankees bullpen


The Yankees' bullpen (and the Mets', for that matter) typically gets bashed by the media for performing poorly, but lately the Yankees bullpen has been so flawless the media has had to direct their attention elsewhere. Instead of overpaying for free agent relievers like Kyle Farnsworth, the Yankees have amassed a group of relative unknowns that have proved to be surprisingly effective.

For fantasy owners, Yankees relievers are particularly appealing not because the closer in front of them is likely to get hurt or lose his job, but because they have a higher chance of getting wins and holds (for leagues that count them). Most of these Yankees relief arms have remained under the radar and so this is meant to be a primer of those guys who are currently are doing an effective job of keeping those Yankee leads.

Alfredo Aceves (and Joba)


Alfredo Aceves is the most versatile Yankees reliever, pitching well against both lefties and righties. He has the ability to go multiple innings, having served primarily as a starter in the Mexican League and in the minors. He has great control and a decent ability to strike batters out, most notably with his change-up. Even in shallow leagues like 12-team mixed, Aceves makes a good add since I think it likely he joins the rotation and does well. And even during his time in the bullpen, he can provide value as a ratio helper and occasional win-getter in his role as the long reliever.

Aceves is actually going to start today for the Yankees, though according to manager Joe Girardi this is merely a spot start, not a full transition into the rotation. Despite the Girardi's words, taking a glance at the current Yankee rotation shows that besides Sabathia, Burnett, and Pettitte no one else is a lock to stay in the rotation. Chien-Ming Wang is oft-injured and particularly ineffective, Phil Hughes is apparently going to remain banished to the bullpen for the time being, and Joba Chamberlain, well, let's take a closer look at him.

+--------+-------------+-------+---+------+-------+------+------+
| Season | Player      | IP    | W | ERA  | K/9   | BB/9 | xFIP |
+--------+-------------+-------+---+------+-------+------+------+
| 2008	 | Chamberlain | 100.1 | 4 | 2.60 | 10.58 | 3.50 | 3.21 |
| 2008-S | Chamberlain | 65.1  | 3 | 2.76 | 10.19 | 3.44 |  --- |
| 2008-R | Chamberlain | 35.0  | 1 | 2.31 | 11.31 | 3.60 |  --- |
| 2009	 | Chamberlain | 84.2  | 4 | 4.04 |  7.87 | 4.36 | 4.47 |
+--------+-------------+-------+---+------+-------+------+------+

Note: 2008-S are Chamberlain's numbers as a starter, 2008-R are as a reliever

image
With his play of late, Joba might be answering the unanswerable of whether the rotation or bullpen is best for him. (Icon/SMI)

Joba, you could say, has been effective so far this season. His ERA sits at a decent 4.04 and for most of the season it was around 20 points below that mark, at about 3.80. In contrast are his peripheral stats, which include a dramatically decreased strikeout rate and an increased walk rate this season. Even the rates taken only from games in which he started last year are noticeably better than this year's lackluster ones.

The biggest problem with Joba this year, in my opinion, is that in his 16 starts he has thrown only 84.2 innings. That is an unexceptional average of about 5.1 innings per start and leaves the bullpen to finish the other 3.2 innings. The sacrifice in effectiveness the Yankees are making by putting Joba in the rotation does not make up for whatever advantage they gain from having him pitch a few more innings every five days. Again that is just my opinion and there is no saying Chamberlain would regain all of his effectiveness of 2008 if he moved to the bullpen anyway.

Why this matters is because the Yankees may soon get tired of Joba in the rotation, furthering Aceves' chances of securing his spot. While a possible move of Joba to the bullpen would not probably happen before August, it could come at the perfect time to keep Aceves in the rotation if Wang or even Hughes earns a spot.

Phil Hughes


Speaking of Phil Hughes, the touted prospect struggled (again) in the rotation in the beginning of the year, owning a 5.45 ERA after seven starts. Hughes then reinvented himself as a reliever with a 1.23 ERA in his 10 relief appearances since.

If unowned in your league, I would definitely take a hard look at the players on your roster and consider adding Hughes because of his current effectiveness as a reliever, his hold on the win-laden 8th inning set-up role, and the possibility of him returning to starting later in the year. Perhaps when he becomes starter again—if he does—he will maintain the success and confidence he found as a reliever.

Phil Coke


Phil Coke is the LOOGY in the Yankees bullpen and has done a great job of late of getting those lefties out. In fact in his last 18 appearances over which he has thrown 16 innings, he has allowed a mere two runs.

I should note that Coke has also had success against righties this year as they are hitting just .167 against him (lefties are hitting .176). However Coke has walked an unusually high number of right-handed batters (10) compared to just three left-handers. In the minors that split was not there so it is probably more a fluke than an actual problem.

Coke should only be looked at in leagues where holds are a category, since I envision plenty of holds in his future and not much else.

David Robertson


David Robertson, a 17th round pick in the 2006 draft, is the hidden gem in the Yankees bullpen. Although his value might not be fully realized this season as a sixth and seventh inning guy, the 24-year-old should remain on your radar for future seasons. He is an absolute strikeout machine with a K/9 of 12.8 in 20 innings in the majors this year (that's 29 strikeouts) and a career minor league rate not far off.

At times Robertson has struggled with his control but he has never encountered the major control problems that sometimes plague young pitchers. With a little maturity he should develop into a dominant reliever and possibly even Mo's replacement. Let's not get ahead of ourselves though.

Robertson's style of pitching reminds me a lot of another young reliever-now-closer who has enjoyed much success this year: Andrew Bailey. Both have good fastballs they like to throw for strikes early in the count, and then a tight curve that leads to many strikeouts.

In the meantime, all we can do is wait and see if he develops into the pitcher I think he can be.

Concluding thoughts


For what it's worth, now hopefully you know all there is about the relievers in the Yankees pen and found a pitcher who may help your fantasy team. As a darkhorse pitcher for those in really deep leagues, Sergio Mitre—yes, that Sergio Mitre who was mildly effective for the Marlins in 2007—is pitching well down for the Yankees Triple-A affiliate and could see some action in the bullpen or rotation later in the year.

Posted by Paul Singman at 3:08am (5) Comments

Friday, July 10, 2009

Simple xBABIP Calculator


For those who have been hanging around these parts since this past off-season, you'll surely be familiar with Chris Dutton and Peter Bendix's work on creating an expected Batting Average on Balls in Play metric (xBABIP). This was terrific work, which I later examined a little closer to find that xBABIP was indeed a very strong predictor of future performance.

Today, I'd like to announce that I'll be working with Chris Dutton to develop an even more advanced version of xBABIP. This is something that I've been thinking about for quite some time, and when I heard that Peter Bendix had taken a job with the Rays, I thought it made perfect sense to team up with Chris myself. We don't currently have an estimate for when the new xBABIP will be ready, but hopefully the payoff will be a good one.

To wet your whistles while you wait, Chris has put together a very nice Excel tool for calculating a simplified version of xBABIP. This is almost identical to the version that I tested in my article that I linked to above, which turned out to be quite predictive itself. The tool also does a number of other cool things, so Chris took the liberty of putting together a quick explanation/tutorial for everyone.

Simple xBABIP tool download


Here is the link to download Chris's simple xBABIP tool (the password to use it is "tuftsbat"), and here is a screenshot of what you'll see (click for a larger version):

image

Now for the explanation provided by Chris.

Simple xBABIP tool explanation by Chris Dutton


Begin by choosing any player/year combination from the database (note: cut-off is 300 PA in any given season)

Statistics
For each player, key performance stats are displayed for the given year, as well as the MLB average, the percent above/below average for that particular player (green = significantly better, yellow = comparable, red = significantly worse), and the maximum/minimum values for that particular year. The key stats shown here are the "Luck Factor", which is the difference between a player's BABIP and xBABIP, and the predicted batting line, which is an estimation of AVG, OBP, and SLG based on the predicted (rather than true) batting average on balls in play. In other words, this is the performance that we might expect to see in a luck-neutral environment.

Trended Performance Graph
This graph allows you to select one or two metrics and trend them either alone or against each other over time. The list includes 28 different metrics, ranging from runs and stolen bases to xBABIP, line drive percentage, and pitches per plate appearance, to name a few. This can be especially useful as a forecasting tool, as it allows you to clearly observe trends across a variety of core statistics.

Player Comparison Graph
This graph provides the same selection of metrics, and allows you to compare the performance of one player against another. In the screenshot above Manny Ramirez and Aramis Ramirez are trending against one another on the basis of RBI.

xBABIP Quick Calculator
Perhaps the most useful section of the dashboard, the xBABIP quick calculator uses a slightly simplified predictive model using more readily available statistics. By simply plugging in values for each variable, you can calculate the expected BABIP on the spot and see who is out-performing or under-performing to this point in the season. If you're wondering whether to sell high on Jermaine Dye or buy low on Magglio Ordonez, this tool can certainly help to guide your fantasy decisions.

Concluding thoughts


2009 data hasn't been incorporated into the tool since it is constantly changing, but you should still be able to input the simple xBABIP variables and compare to the BABIP listed on our player pages. Hopefully this ends up being a useful tool for everyone as we enter the second half of the season, and hopefully we'll have the brand new xBABIP ready to debut shortly.

If you guys have any questions for me or Chris, feel free to send either of us an e-mail or comment below.

Posted by Derek Carty at 2:00am (10) Comments

Waiver Wire: AL


Brett Anderson | Oakland | SP
YTD: 6.6 K/9, 2.5 K/BB, 4.86 ERA
True Talent: 6.3 K/9, 1.9 K/BB, 5.11 ERA
Next Week Forecast: 5.1 IP, 0.3 Wins, 4 K, 5.29 ERA
What would “AL Waiver Wire” be without an A's pitcher? Does throwing a 9-K, 2-hitter at Boston herald a new level for Brett Anderson? We're tempted to be more impressed than the TT projection is. He only had 31 IP above A-ball prior to 2009, and his xFIP is an adequate 4.37 anyway. For fantasy purposes, the Oakland park and defense should help him outperform his FIP. Just don't expect run support.

Elvis Andrus | Texas | SS
YTD: .262/.320/.362
True Talent: .249/.300/.332
Next Week Forecast: 0.1 HR, 1 Runs, 1 RBI, .250 BA, 0.6 SB
Obviously gone in deeper leagues, is a regression to be expected this season, as TT predicts? Like Gardner last week, Andrus has most of his offensive impact on ground balls. He will get to play for his glove, with RZR/OOZ showing him as the second-best SS in the AL despite the errors. We think it's likely his BABIP will climb from .295 (now), as he posted .350s in the minors the past two years, and he'll thus avoid any slippage. The Rangers don't attempt many steals, else he'd be a threat for 50.

Aaron Bates | Boston | 1B
YTD: .000/.143/.000
True Talent: n/a
Next Week Forecast: n/a
A “quick-to-majors” pick in the early 3rd round of the 2006 draft, Bates and his funky leg kick got caught in a quaqmire at AA starting in '07. He's retooled his swing, and appears to have vanquished AA this year, but is now old for a prospect and hasn't mastered AAA yet (.182/.273/.295 in 99 PA). Chris Carter and McAnulty were more deserving of some more MLB time, but Boston wanted a righty bat to platoon with Kotsay, replacing an injured Bailey. All that's to say that Bates will be well and truly buried again once people start recovering from injuries.

Ryan Freel | Kansas City | UTIL
YTD: .167/.298/.167
True Talent: n/a
Next Week Forecast: n/a
Back when the Reds had stationary objects in their outfield, and Freel was playing all over the place getting on base 37% of the time, the idea of installing him as a full-time outfielder (pushing Griffey to the side, and Dunn to 1B) made sense. In 2009, he's 33 and gets injured about as often as he gets on base. Still, the Royals have Bloomquist to play multiple positions, so perhaps the stability of one position will help Freel stay healthy and regain some of his 30+ SB potential. Worth a look in AL leagues if you need speed.

Scott Hairston | Oakland | OF
YTD: .296/.351/.539
True Talent: .263/.332/.477
Next Week Forecast: 0.6 HR, 2 Runs, 2 RBI, .267 BA, 0.2 SB
Welcome to the AL, Mr. Hairston! If Scott's performance drops off like the man he's supposedly replacing in Oakland (Holliday), Beane may never trade for another “proven” NL hitter again! And flopping is certainly an option, as his career OBP is just .312. Still, he's slugged almost .500 the past two years combined with Petco as his home, and his career line against LHP is .291/.344/.548. Expect the Jered Weavers of the world to give him fits but for him to be a top-2 offensive contributor (on the A's).

Maicer Izturis | Los Angeles | INF
YTD: .302/.352/.422
True Talent: .283/.346/.390
Next Week Forecast: 0.1 HR, 2 Runs 1 RBI, .281 BA, 0.3 SB
Warning: personal bias here, as Maicer has long been a fave of this writer. It's not like he's going to hit 20 HR, but Izturis' career stats have been suppressed by constantly playing injured. Scioscia loves him too, and he should play almost every game if healthy, leading to almost double the “next week forecast” stats, with a AVG around .300 ... making him a great backup even in shallow mixed leagues, at least until he gets hurt again.

Dustin Nippert | Texas | SP
YTD: 4.9 K/9, 2.0 K/BB, 7.36 ERA
True Talent: n/a
Next Week Forecast: n/a
MSNBC (rotoworld.com) suggests putting this guy on a “watch list in AL-only leagues.” That's good advice to subtly bring to the attention of your league-mates, if any of them are gullible. With the Rangers' organizational philosophy of “leave him in,” Nippert's lack of ability, recent arm woes, and the Rangers' ballpark, only die-hardest Rangers fans should have him on a “watch list.”

Tony Pena | Chicago | RP
YTD: 6.9 K/9, 2.4 K/BB, 4.24 ERA
True Talent: 6.7 K/9, 2.4 K/BB, 4.00 ERA
Next Week Forecast: 0.0 Saves, 3.96 ERA
Tony Pena gets a remarkable amount of support from both scouting types and stats types, for such a mid-level reliever. This is undoubtedly due to his upper-90s fastball and good control (2.7 BB/9, career). Still, he's a huge upgrade over Gobble—expect TT levels, with a WHIP in the upper 1.3's, as the AL transition takes away some of the gains from a lower BABIP (currently .352).

Marc Rzepcynski (zep-chin-ski) | Toronto | SP
YTD: 10.5 K/9, 1.8 K/BB, 1.50 ERA
True Talent: n/a
Next Week Forecast: n/a
Like Brandon Webb, Rzepcynski was passed over for several draft rounds (fifth round 2007), and scouts called him a “back-end starter, at best”. His advocates think he could be better than Webb as he throws harder, and actually gets more GBs (60%+ GB% in minors, just five HR in 254.2 IP). We won't get that carried away, as Webb is fantastic, but while Marc's control isn't great yet, the Jays' attention to defense make his upside enormous. Don't expect miracles in 2009, but look out in 2011!

True Talent and Next Week Forecasts courtesy of Heater Magazine.

Posted by Rob McQuown at 2:00am (0) Comments

Waiver Wire: NL


Josh Willingham | Washington | OF
YTD: .290/.405/.534
True Talent: .268/.367/.473
Next Week Forecast: 0.5 HR, 2 Runs, 2 RBI, .257 BA, 0.1 SB
With his 2009 YTD line, it's surprising that more owners haven't rostered Willingham, as he remains available in many leagues. He's been red-hot lately, with a hit in 13 of his last 14 games, hitting .400/.474/.580. Since he plays for the Nats, his counting stats will remain depressed, but his back problems seem to be behind him (so to speak), and this could be the year he finally reaches his potential. His batting eye has improved this year (0.70 BB/K, against a career 0.53), and his 11% career walk rate is strong, so he should beat that BA projection if he can stay healthy. If you need a corner outfielder with good power and a decent BA, look no further than Willingham, who's worth a spot in all NL-only leagues, and mixed leagues 10 teams or deeper.

Todd Wellemeyer | St. Louis | SP
YTD: 5.8 K/9, 1.4 K/BB, 5.58 ERA
True Talent: 6.2 K/9, 1.7 K/BB, 4.58 ERA
Next Week Forecast: N/A
Wellemeyer's 18 starts are the best in baseball, but he's only managed a 7-7 record, making it a puzzle as to why he's garnered any attention at all. He's only had one scoreless appearance this season, and he's given up 3+ ER in 11 of his outings. The durability to make all those starts is admirable, but it's not all that valuable unless he's pitching better. True Talent sees him reaching some more marginal ratios, and pitching for Pujols and the Cards will give him more wins than that skill set deserves. A further good sign is the .351 BABIP against him, but all these add up to only marginal improvement. Wellemeyer's got some value in NL-only leagues deeper than 10 teams and in the deepest of mixed leagues, but don't look for any drastic changes in his numbers.

Travis Ishikawa | San Francisco | 1B
YTD: .263/.321/.408
True Talent: .253/.323/.432
Next Week Forecast: 0.4 HR, 1 Runs, 1 RBI, .257 BA, 0.1 SB
Ishikawa's the Giants' first baseman because they don't have too many other options. Think of him as the latest incarnation of J.T. Snow, with a great glove, a decent bat, but not a ton of power; he's got a hit in 11 of his last 12 games, but his line is just .289/.319/.444 in that time. He could ultimately surpass Snow's punchlessness, since he's young and showed some pop in the second half of 2008 (.578 SLG in the minors). He'll need to do that sooner rather than later, since Pablo Sandoval won't play 3B forever, and minor league prospect Angel Villalona is a season or two away. That kind of pressure could push him to new heights, and his rising flyball and line drive percentage (increasing 13.4% and 1.9%, respectively, since 2008) are signs he's hitting the ball hard and with some loft. Until that develops, he's only worth a spot in the deepest of NL leagues, but all owners should keep an eye on him to see if he can break out in the second half of 2009 the way he did in 2008.

Luis Castillo | New York | 2B
YTD: .276/.374/.326
True Talent: .272/.355/.333
Next Week Forecast: 0.0 HR, 2 Runs, 1 RBI, .270 BA, 0.5 SB
Fantasy owners remember Castillo for his basestealing and strong OBP numbers. Even if he's not the stolen-base machine he once was, that excellent 2009 OBP shows he still owns a good batting eye. In fact, his 2.2 BB/K ratio is stronger than it's been since 2005, and his BA is equally solid. True Talent shows you he's pretty much on target across the board, and if the Mets can get healthy and start scoring, he could add some runs to that equation, at least until Jose Reyes returns to the top of the order. He's still good for a few steals and shouldn't hurt your BA, though his power's as limp as it's always been. Don't expect him to keep looking like the Luis Castillo of 2005, but if you need some precious steals and already have good HR or SLG numbers, then Castillo's certainly worth a spot in NL-only leagues deeper than 10 teams or very deep mixed leagues.

Ryan Sadowski | San Francisco | SP
YTD: 5.0 K/9, 1.3 K/BB, 1.00 ERA
True Talent: 7.5 K/9, 1.8 K/BB, 4.13 ERA
Next Week Forecast: N/A
Two straight clean slates is a good way to make a major-league entrance, as the Astros and Brewers fell victim to Sadowski's 13 scoreless-inning debut. Even the Marlins could only muster 3 ER in 5 innings against him, making that 1.00 ERA and 1.11 WHIP very enticing. As weak as his peripherals are, True Talent sees him improving to near-acceptable levels in control and very good K rates. He's shown similar stats in the minors, with a 7.9 K/9 and 2.02 K/BB in six seasons, and he'll stick in the rotation for now. Obviously an ERA correction is coming—no Giants pitcher has begun his career with that many scoreless innings since 1953—but Sadowski should be a decent back-of-the-rotation option for NL owners in leagues deeper than 10 teams, and mixed leagues deeper than 15 teams.

Jamie Moyer | Philadelphia | SP
YTD: 5.1 K/9, 2.1 K/BB, 5.72 ERA
True Talent: 5.3 K/9, 1.9 K/BB, 4.94 ERA
Next Week Forecast: N/A
The Aged One defied the odds all last year, shaving over a run off 2007's ERA in spite of extremely similar ratios. He gets by with pinpoint control, but he's no Greg Maddux, mostly because he lacks the Professor's variety of breaking pitches, and thus won't collect as many strikeouts. If the umpire's friendly behind the plate, he can succeed, but if the strikezone is tight, he gets hammered—his 1.9 HR/9 show what happens when he's forced to put the ball over the plate. His wins have come mostly in the four starts when he gave up a single ER, but those are far outweighed by the nine games where he's given up four ER or more. He's a nice guy, and Phillies fans love him the way you love your grandpa—but you don't want Gramps pitching for your fantasy team, and you don't want Moyer either.

Garrett Jones | Pittsburgh | OF
YTD: .290/.333/.613
True Talent: .245/.303/.421
Next Week Forecast: 0.2 HR, 1 Runs, 1 RBI, .236 BA, 0.1 SB
The Pirates' outfield has been a mix-and-match affair this year, and Garrett Jones has been the recent beneficiary of the chaos, starting every game since the Pirates brought him to the bigs on July 1. He'd been ripping up the minors before his callup, with a tidy .307/.348/.502 line in 277 ABs—in his fifth year at that level. He was once a prospect for the power he showed, but that was tempered by his prodigious strikeout rate (0.33 BB/K) and an OPS 120 points lower against fellow southpaws. He's shown steady improvement while in AAA, and the wide-open Pirate OF will give him a chance to show he's finally arrived. His window is a short one, as Lastings Milledge is rehabbing from a broken finger and should return by the end of the month, and True Talent is pessimistic he'll hold much value. But if you believe in late bloomers, Jones is worth a short-term flyer in NL-only leagues, and all owners should watch to see if his hot start continues.

Micah Owings | Cincinnati | SP
YTD: 5.6 K/9, 1.3 K/BB, 4.48 ERA
True Talent: 6.6 K/9, 1.8 K/BB, 4.69 ERA
Next Week Forecast: 5.2 IP, 0.3 Wins, 4 K, 4.84 ERA
Although everyone knows Owings as the only pitcher worth watching during BP, he's actually got some skills on the rubber, too. His numbers over the past two seasons show very good control (2.12 K/BB) and nice strikeout numbers (6.8 K/9); the home run rate is his downfall, however, just as it is his offensive calling card. It doesn't help that he went from hitter-friendly Chase Field to the even more homer-riffic Great American Ballpark last season. He surrenders 1.6 HR/9 at home in Cincy, and 1.2 everywhere else, but neither are very strong ratios. He's shown improvement lately, with a 3.53 ERA and three wins in six starts in June and July; much of the damage in that span came in a 5.2 IP, six ER outing where he surrendered three HR against Toronto. He's struggled with his control lately, but history and True Talent tells you he should improve in that regard, as well as in his strikeout rate. This makes him roster-worthy in 10-team NL-only leagues, along with 18-team mixed leagues.

True Talent and Next Week Forecasts courtesy of Heater Magazine.

Posted by Michael Street at 2:00am (2) Comments

Monday, July 13, 2009

Clone Wars: Second half bargains


If you need some help on your team, this is a good time to look for players who struggled in the first half, and could come cheap and help in the second half. We'll take a look at each position and what to expect as well as what level of talent to give up.
image
MLB: JUL 05 Braves at Nationals
5 July 2009: Atlanta Braves' third baseman Chipper Jones in action against the Washington Nationals at Nationals Park in Washington, DC. The Nationals defeated the Braves 5-3, to take the rubber game of their 3-game weekend series. (Icon/SMI)


Catcher: Chris Iannetta


I was planning to use Geovany Soto for this one until he was injured; he was headed for a much better second half and had started to turn it around already. Iannetta on the other has been limited by injuries this year, and his BABIP is currently 40 points below his career average. His average won't be great, but expect it to be above .250 in the second half. That should also come with solid power, as the ZiPS projection system calls for seven more homers. I could see up to 10 more as his at-bats have been fairly consistent lately. We're talking about a mid-level catcher, so don't go over board with an offer, but a mid-level pitcher or extra closer could get the trade done.

First base: Hank Blalock


Sure the power is there, but a low average and playing time concerns had even dropped his ownership in CBS leagues to 71 percent just a few weeks ago. This is another player with an average dragged down by a BABIP that is 50 points below career levels. He is also now in a full time role after splitting time with the disappointing Chris Davis. Here is a solid chance to add power to your lineup and he should cost you much less than other first basemen. You should be able to get Blalock on the cheap via trade, as he is likely not a team's first choice at the corners.

Second base: Ian Stewart


Here is another surprise power source who was probably a backup on most teams and is currently hurting teams in batting average. I discussed him last week and he won't be a great average guy, but his numbers suggest a .270 hitter with plenty of power and a couple steals. His playing time is currently limited, but a Garrett Atkins trade appears in the works, and would open up a full time spot for Stewart. Again he should be fairly cheap in most leagues based on disappointing average and uncertain amount of playing time.

Shortstop: Jimmy Rollins


How bad could things get for Rollins this year? The team who owns him probably paid heavily for him, so I can't expect he would come as cheap as his numbers have shown, but he's still good value if you can get him. His contact numbers all look fine and his BABIP is only .241, and should be on the rise. The 30-home run power is gone, but he's still got some pop and can steal at least another 20 bases this year if he gets on base more. I've seen Rollins traded for Nate McLouth, which seems fair if you have the depth in the outfield.

Third base: Chipper Jones


Can't say what is up with Chipper this year, but his ISO is down to its lowest level since 1997. Perhaps the injuries are piling up, or he has just had a poor start. This one is based on more of a feel that any stats, but his doubles total are still on pace with last year's. Most owners probably expected him to miss a few games, so teams that drafted him probably had a backup plan at third base. This might make him more available, but he still has name value and I wouldn't overpay.

Outfield - Nick Markakis and Denard Span


Nick Markakis has consistently produced over the past two years, but is off his normal pace this year, which could be frustrating his current owner. With no reason to think he is injured, I can see him returning his normal numbers of around 10 homers, 5 steals and .300 average over the second half of the season.

Denard Span might be overlooked this season thanks to a short DL stint, but he has the ability to post a Shane Victorino-like season if he is given enough at-bats. His plate discipline is better than Victorino's, and he gets on base extremely well. This is great for accumulating runs and steal opportunities. He is only owned in 70 percent of CBS leagues so he might even be available for free; if not, he could probably be had for a back of the rotation pitcher.

Starting pitcher: Ricky Nolasco


Pitchers can be prone to extremely good or bad luck, but Nolasco has been unbelievably unlucky, with an ERA almost two runs higher than his xFIP. He had been getting better results recently, but got lit up the other night for seven runs in six innings. He still had eight strikeouts to one walk, so I still expect his numbers to improve in the second half. His K/BB still stands at 4.29, which is eighth in the majors. Expect a top 20—if not top 10—second half performance. Given his season to date, he could come for very cheap via trade; I would offer a third outfielder or perhaps a spare closer.

Closer: J.P. Howell


You have to love it when you can start a closer and expect him to contribute more than just saves. Howell had OK rates as a starter, but had bad results. Since becoming a closer, his K/BB has settled around three and his K/9 is up to almost 11. This is the kind of stuff you want out of a closer, but unfortunately he is still in a closer by committee situation in Tampa Bay. This could work to your advantage, as he could come quite cheap. Even if he moves to a setup role he is going to be a good source of strikeouts, ERA and WHIP. I saw him traded for Brad Penny the other day and that seems like a good starting point.

Posted by Troy Patterson at 12:04am (4) Comments

Do hitters decline after the Home Run Derby?


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After hoisting the hardware at last year's HR Derby, Justin Morneau underperformed in the second half. Is he the exception or the rule? (Icon/SMI)

For years now, we've heard how players who participate in the Home Run Derby screw up their swing or tire more easily in the second half of the year. It's gotten to the point where players are declining invitations to the Home Run Derby in droves. Major League Baseball seemed to have a particularly tough time filling out the American League side this year. To my knowledge, however, no one has actually tested this theory. Today, I'd like to do just that.

Parameters


What I've done is compare second half performance with preseason Marcel projections for every Home Run Derby participant since 2001 (excluding Evan Longoria in 2008, whose Marcel projection would have been league average as a rookie). I've also adjusted the second half numbers to account for the fact that the league as a whole hits home runs at a slightly higher rate after the All-Star Break.

You may be wondering why I'm using projections instead of comparing the first half to the second half. This is because, had I done this, I'd be inviting a whole deal of bias into the equation, the biggest being selection bias.

If a player overperforms his true talent level in the first half, he stands a better chance of being selected to the Derby. Because he overperformed, though, he's bound to play worse in the second half. A great example of this is Alex Rios in 2007 (Marcels AB/HR: 38; first half AB/HR: 21; second half AB/HR: 42). While it may have looked like he declined, he actually just regressed back to his true talent level.

To help solve this problem, I'm using projections to estimate true talent level and then seeing if the player underperforms this level in the second half. Ideally, I'd be using mid-season projections to account for the undoubtedly good first halves of these players, but this isn't readily available and would take a long time to calculate.

Results


Here are the aggregate results for every year since 2001 (the first year Tom Tango published Marcel projections) as well as the combined results. Remember that for AB/HR, lower is better (it tells us the average number of at-bats a hitter takes in-between home runs).
+---------+---------------+----------+
| Year    | Marcels AB/HR | 2H AB/HR |
+---------+---------------+----------+
| 2008    |          20.7 |     25.5 |
| 2007    |          18.9 |     17.2 |
| 2006    |          19.7 |     15.2 |
| 2005    |          19.9 |     17.7 |
| 2004    |          15.4 |     16.0 |
| 2003    |          18.8 |     16.7 |
| 2002    |          15.2 |     15.6 |
| 2001    |          15.7 |     11.0 |
+---------+---------------+----------+
| Overall |          17.7 |     16.3 |
+---------+---------------+----------+

As you can see, the Home Run Derby hitters seemed to outperform their preseason Marcels every year except 2008, 2004, and 2002 (though the latter two only showed small differences). Despite conventional wisdom, it doesn't look like derby participants play any worse in the second half of the season (on the whole). If you're looking for the results in terms of percentages, 57 percent of derby participants outperform their projections in the second half.

Of course, this shouldn't be a huge surprise since a hitter who is invited to the Derby likely will have improved his preseason projection by the All-Star Break, but even if we accounted for this, it's very doubtful the results would swing so far in the other direction that it would confirm the conventional wisdom.

Another theory might be that players who last longer in the Derby or hit more home runs during it are more likely to decline.
+---------+--------+---------------+----------+
| Round   | Sample | Marcels AB/HR | 2H AB/HR |
+---------+--------+---------------+----------+
| 1st Rnd |     63 |          17.7 |     16.3 |
| Semis   |     32 |          17.3 |     16.3 |
| Finals  |     16 |          18.8 |     17.6 |
| Champ   |      8 |          20.1 |     17.6 |
| 20+ HR  |     14 |          19.2 |     17.7 |
+---------+--------+---------------+----------+

Nope, doesn't seem to be the case. No matter how long a hitter lasts or how many home runs he hits, we still don't see any signs of a second-half decline.

So where has this theory come from?


While the theory doesn't appear to be true, we're still likely to hear about it from the mainstream media over the next few hours and days. Why does the media seem to believe this, though? Here are a few possible reasons:

Last year: 2008 seemed to prove the theory in a big way, so it's fresh in everyone's mind.
The selection bias I mentioned earlier: Those selected likely overperformed in the first half, so second-half regression to the mean is viewed by the uninformed as a decline and not normalization.
Raw totals: Because the 50 percent mark often occurs a couple weeks before the All-Star Break, "first half" totals can look inflated if compared directly to "second half" totals.
Outspoken players: Media is a lot more likely to listen to players than numbers, and when players start blaming the derby for second-half struggles, it's an easy story to run with.
Snowball effect: Once players start talking and complaining, it makes other players less likely to want to participate and draws more attention to the situation, creating a snowball effect.

Study caveats


There are a few caveats to this study.

Use of preseason projections: I mentioned this earlier, and it likely wouldn't have changed the conclusions, but it warrants mentioning again.
Generalizing to all players: This study looks at the participants on the whole. We are dealing with human beings, though, each having their own unique swings and physiologies. It's entirely possible some players are affected by the Derby, even if the overall effect is small.
Derby participants: There might be some additional selection bias in who participants in the Derby. If a player is legitimately affected by the Derby, he is less likely to participate in future years and thus will only be included in the study once.
Steroids: A study like this necessitates using many years since we only have eight sample points per year, but in doing so we look at years when guys like Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Jason Giambi were playing. Can we really say that the effects in these years will be the same as those in 2009? (if we only use 2005-2008, however, we still see a 19.7 Marcel AB/HR to 18.0 second half AB/HR)
Small sample: Because we only see eight hitters participate per year, there's no choice but to try and draw conclusions from a small-ish sample size.

2009 participants


So what does this mean for the participants in tonight's 2009 Home Run Derby?

Joe Mauer
Brandon Inge
Nelson Cruz
Carlos Pena
Albert Pujols
Adrian Gonzalez
Prince Fielder
Ryan Howard

While you likely don't have to worry about any of these guys falling off a cliff in the second half, there is an opportunity to be had for fantasy owners. If the owner of any of these players is worried, you might be able to acquire him at a discount, especially if someone puts on a Josh Hamilton-esque show tonight.

Posted by Derek Carty at 1:43am (5) Comments

All-Star Week at THT Fantasy


With All-Star Week upon us, we thought we'd shake things up a little bit here at THT Fantasy. This week, we've asked each of our writers to discuss one player at each position that they feel will be a good second half bargain relative to their play in the first half. Your opinions and comments on the selections of our writers will of course be welcome, and feel free to give us your own second-half sleepers. Today, you'll find Troy Patterson's list with the rest of the THTF team following throughout the week.

I'd also like to take this time to thank all of you for your support through the first half of the season, and I wish you the best of luck in your fantasy leagues as the season begins to wind down. If you ever have any questions, concerns, or ideas, please feel free to send me an e-mail.

Posted by Derek Carty at 2:00am (3) Comments

Tuesday, July 14, 2009

Bargains for the second half


Following Troy's format from yesterday, today I am going to name a player from each position I feel will play the best relative to his first-half performance. Note that this list will not consist of which players will play the best in the second half, but rather those who will the furthest outperform their first-half performance.

Catcher: Kelly Shoppach


Shoppach somewhat lived up to his home run-hitting reputation in the first half, belting a decent seven home runs with a more impressive 20 percent HR/FB rate. No one expects him to be a .300 hitter, but the miserable .194 batting average he currently owns is unexpected too. His plate discipline stats have remained in line with last year's; the main thing that changed has been a .256 BABIP, well below his career average of .350. As long as he keeps getting a decent share of the playing time—which he should—then a second half of a .260 batting average and about 10 home runs is a very plausible forecast. If you are looking for help at catcher, Shoppach is a good guy to take a chance on.

First base: David Ortiz


Through the first two months of the season, Big Papi was one of the most disappointing players in the majors. He had one home run to his name and was batting near .200. He was striking out at an abnormally high rate and fastballs were routinely being blown by him. Then in June he started catching up to those fastballs and hit seven home runs in the month and so far in July he has added four more. In the second half, he should play more like the Ortiz of the last two months than the one who struggled throughout the first two months. A second half consisting of a respectable batting average in the high .260s to low .270s with around 15 home runs and plenty of RBI opportunities seems reasonable.

Second base: Howie Kendrick


Howie Kendrick has not yet become the batting title champion that his name was once synonymous with, but he is still an accomplished major league ballplayer. In both 2007 and 2008 he played about half a season in the majors and both times he finished with batting averages above .300 and decent stolen base numbers. It came as a surprise, then, that Kendrick would bat so poorly to start 2009 and ended up being demoted to Triple-A with a batting line of .231/.281/.355. In Triple-A something changed—be it luck, mechanics, or confidence—and he ended up batting .346 in 78 at-bats. Now back in the majors, I expect Kendrick to have a solid second half, something around a .290 average, a handful of home runs, and about 10 steals. From a second baseman, I'll take those numbers.

Shortstop: J.J. Hardy


Hardy struggled mightily in the first half, finishing with a .232/.301/.379 slash line. Part of it was bad luck; his .260 BABIP is lower than expected, but I also believe part of it was mental and/or physical. With some rest (he recently hurt his shoulder, nothing serious though) and better fortune in the second half, Hardy has a good shot to put up similar numbers to last year's second half: a batting average in the high .270s with 10-12 homers. He is currently playing for mostly disgruntled owners so you may be able to acquire him for less than you would normally pay for that type of production.

Third base: Edwin Encarnacion


Encarnacion, through April, was batting .127 with a slugging percentage not much higher at .190. To put him out of his misery, he fractured his wrist near the end of the month and recently returned in the beginning of July. Since returning Encarnacion has played decently, showing some consistency with a six-game hitting streak that was recently snapped. My expectations are not very high—a .260 batting average and around eight home runs is all—but if you start him against only righties, he should bat closer to .290 off them. For someone who is probably available in a number of leagues, he could offer good value in the second half.
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Seth Smith is a player you should start seeing more and more of at the plate. (Icon/SMI)


Outfield: Seth Smith and Chris Dickerson


Unlike the other players on this list, Seth Smith did not play poorly in the first half. In fact, judging by wOBA he was one of the top 20 hitters in all of major league baseball. Regardless, Smith is barely owned in any leagues because he is caught up in the Rockies outfield logjam and as a result has stepped to the plate a mere 181 times in 2009. In the second half I expect Smith to receive much more playing time because his great play warrants it, and also because either Smith himself or Brad Hawpe is likely to be traded before the deadline, freeing up at-bats. Smith can do it all—hit for average, power, and swipe a few bases—so even in shallow leagues I would consider owning him as I do in three of my four leagues this year.

In the first half of 2009, Chris Dickerson struggled to be effective at the plate and also to find playing time. After a rough April, he heated up in May and then exploded in June, batting .333 with four steals in the month. With his performance Dickerson earned himself more playing time but now with the news of Jay Bruce's injury, Dickerson's playing time became that much more secure. Expect Dickerson to play at a similar level to his first half, a .280-.290 batting average with mild power and close to ten steals. With his on base skills, he could push fifteen steals and be a surprisingly valuable player.

Starting pitcher: David Price


This 2007 1st overall pick has not been particularly impressive so far in 2009 with a 1.64 WHIP and 4.70 ERA. His struggles are not from giving up too many hits; he has allowed only 41 hits in his 44 innings. The problem has been avoiding ball four as he has given up 31 free passes, good for a BB/9 rate above 6.00. When he limits his walks he gives flashes of his brilliance, which he displayed in his last start in which he limited the Blue Jays to one run in six innings, walking just one and striking out seven. Price has stated he is determined to limit his walks in the second half and because of his potential, the price may be right to see what it will take to get him.

Relief pitcher: Phil Hughes


Right now the future-starter Hughes is acting as a reliever, and doing a very good job at it. As I discussed in my last article, he has a good situation going as the Yankees set-up man, earning plenty of holds by allowing runs in only one of his 13 appearances. His real value, however, will come as a starter and there remains the possibility he transitions to the rotation later in the season. Because of that possibility, I would prefer to own Hughes over many middle relievers, except the ones with good chances to become closers.

Posted by Paul Singman at 1:44am (1) Comments


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